See rife in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rifely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rifeness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rifer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rife (comparative rifer, superlative rifest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smallpox was rife after the siege had been lifted.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies:",
"text": "Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Comus",
"ref": "1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:",
"text": "The tumult of loud mirth was rife.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet:",
"text": "She was afterwards Lady Keith; and the mention of this name in the tale, as it were by mere accident, fixes the era of it in the reign of James the Fourth, at the very time that fairies, brownies, and witches, were at the rifest in Scotland.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams: Avon Books, page 170:",
"text": "The 'denominational considerations' mentioned below relate, of course, to anti-Semitic feeling, which was already rife in Vienna during the last years of the nineteenth century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 329:",
"text": "BRB engineers, it is known, have a warm regard for the Ventura range and speculation is rife that it may feature more widely in future BR dieselisation programmes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread, common, prevalent, current (mainly of unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-bdiSXEnN",
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"prevalent",
"prevalent"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"sense": "widespread",
"word": "pandemic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "široko razprostranen",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "широко разпространен"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "běžný"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "rozšířený"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "schering en inslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "tavallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "levinnyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffuso"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišáščij",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "киша́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 24 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "extendido"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 42 6 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 31 6 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Red deer are rife in these woodlands.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Seeds are rife in a watermelon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-iXVxrEzw",
"links": [
[
"Abound",
"abound"
],
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 87 6 5",
"sense": "abounding, plentiful",
"word": "filled"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilstvašt",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изобилстващ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "hojný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "alom"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "lukuisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "runsas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abondant"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michita",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "満ちた"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izobílujuščij",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изоби́лующий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasprostranjónnyj",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "распространённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abundante"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 42 6 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 31 6 36",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
"_dis": "1 10 17 2 18 22 4 22 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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{
"_dis": "1 6 19 1 19 24 3 24 3",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Many post-colonial governments were rife with lawlessness and corruption.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 15, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian:",
"text": "They will have to reflect on a seventh successive defeat in a European final while Chelsea try to make sense of an eccentric season rife with controversy and bad feeling but once again one finishing on an exhilarating high.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-TaOwaxdN",
"links": [
[
"Full",
"full"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmžašt",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "гъмжащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "plný"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "oplývající"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 4 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "pullollaan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Webster, William Rowley, A Cure for a Cuckold:",
"text": "What! I am rife a little yet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having power; active; nimble."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-izcsSxPU",
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"nimble",
"nimble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having power; active; nimble."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ubiquitous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "widespread"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plentiful"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rife",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rife",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rife (comparative more rife, superlative most rife)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 11 42 6 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "3 24 31 6 36",
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{
"_dis": "1 10 17 2 18 22 4 22 4",
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{
"_dis": "1 6 19 1 19 24 3 24 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 23 25 7 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 25 7 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "3 24 23 7 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 5 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 23 25 7 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 24 23 7 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 24 5 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 24 5 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 24 5 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 5 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The snowdrops grow rife on the slopes of Mount Pembroke.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plentifully, abundantly."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adv-BL48nvUQ",
"links": [
[
"Plentifully",
"plentifully"
],
[
"abundantly",
"abundantly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "изобилно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "yleisesti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "runsaasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "lukuisasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "reilusti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "pullollaan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obílʹno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "оби́льно"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "abundantemente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "copiosamente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rifely"
},
{
"word": "rifeness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rifer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rife (comparative rifer, superlative rifest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smallpox was rife after the siege had been lifted.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies:",
"text": "Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Comus",
"ref": "1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:",
"text": "The tumult of loud mirth was rife.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet:",
"text": "She was afterwards Lady Keith; and the mention of this name in the tale, as it were by mere accident, fixes the era of it in the reign of James the Fourth, at the very time that fairies, brownies, and witches, were at the rifest in Scotland.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams: Avon Books, page 170:",
"text": "The 'denominational considerations' mentioned below relate, of course, to anti-Semitic feeling, which was already rife in Vienna during the last years of the nineteenth century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 329:",
"text": "BRB engineers, it is known, have a warm regard for the Ventura range and speculation is rife that it may feature more widely in future BR dieselisation programmes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread, common, prevalent, current (mainly of unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"prevalent",
"prevalent"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Red deer are rife in these woodlands.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Seeds are rife in a watermelon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful."
],
"links": [
[
"Abound",
"abound"
],
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Many post-colonial governments were rife with lawlessness and corruption.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 15, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian:",
"text": "They will have to reflect on a seventh successive defeat in a European final while Chelsea try to make sense of an eccentric season rife with controversy and bad feeling but once again one finishing on an exhilarating high.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"links": [
[
"Full",
"full"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Webster, William Rowley, A Cure for a Cuckold:",
"text": "What! I am rife a little yet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having power; active; nimble."
],
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"nimble",
"nimble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having power; active; nimble."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "widespread",
"word": "pandemic"
},
{
"word": "ubiquitous"
},
{
"word": "widespread"
},
{
"sense": "abounding, plentiful",
"word": "filled"
},
{
"word": "plentiful"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "široko razprostranen",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "широко разпространен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "běžný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "rozšířený"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "schering en inslag"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "tavallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "levinnyt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffuso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišáščij",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "киша́щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "extendido"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilstvašt",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изобилстващ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "hojný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "alom"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abunda"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "lukuisa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "runsas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abondant"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michita",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "満ちた"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izobílujuščij",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изоби́лующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasprostranjónnyj",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "распространённый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abundante"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmžašt",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "гъмжащ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "plný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "oplývající"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "pullollaan"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rife",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rife",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rife (comparative more rife, superlative most rife)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The snowdrops grow rife on the slopes of Mount Pembroke.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plentifully, abundantly."
],
"links": [
[
"Plentifully",
"plentifully"
],
[
"abundantly",
"abundantly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "изобилно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "yleisesti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "runsaasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "lukuisasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "reilusti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "pullollaan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obílʹno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "оби́льно"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "abundantemente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "copiosamente"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rife meaning in English (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.