See rife on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rife meaning in All languages combined (17.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rifely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rifeness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳfe",
"t": "rife, abundant, frequent"
},
"expansion": "rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rifer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rife (comparative rifer, superlative rifest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 2 34 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smallpox was rife after the siege had been lifted.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies",
"text": "Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet",
"text": "She was afterwards Lady Keith; and the mention of this name in the tale, as it were by mere accident, fixes the era of it in the reign of James the Fourth, at the very time that fairies, brownies, and witches, were at the rifest in Scotland.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams: Avon Books, page 170",
"text": "The 'denominational considerations' mentioned below relate, of course, to anti-Semitic feeling, which was already rife in Vienna during the last years of the nineteenth century.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 329",
"text": "BRB engineers, it is known, have a warm regard for the Ventura range and speculation is rife that it may feature more widely in future BR dieselisation programmes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread, common, prevalent, current (mainly of unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-bdiSXEnN",
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"prevalent",
"prevalent"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 1 7 1",
"sense": "widespread",
"word": "pandemic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "široko razprostranen",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "широко разпространен"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "běžný"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "rozšířený"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "schering en inslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "tavallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "levinnyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffuso"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišáščij",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "киша́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 2 19 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "extendido"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Red deer are rife in these woodlands.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Seeds are rife in a watermelon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-iXVxrEzw",
"links": [
[
"Abound",
"abound"
],
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"sense": "abounding, plentiful",
"word": "filled"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilstvašt",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изобилстващ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "hojný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "alom"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "lukuisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "runsas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abondant"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michita",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "満ちた"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izobílujuščij",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изоби́лующий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasprostranjónnyj",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "распространённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abundante"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 2 34 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Many post-colonial governments were rife with lawlessness and corruption.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 15, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian",
"text": "They will have to reflect on a seventh successive defeat in a European final while Chelsea try to make sense of an eccentric season rife with controversy and bad feeling but once again one finishing on an exhilarating high.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-TaOwaxdN",
"links": [
[
"Full",
"full"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmžašt",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "гъмжащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "plný"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "oplývající"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 81 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "pullollaan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Webster, William Rowley, A Cure for a Cuckold",
"text": "What! I am rife a little yet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having power; active; nimble."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adj-izcsSxPU",
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"nimble",
"nimble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having power; active; nimble."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ubiquitous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "widespread"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plentiful"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳfe",
"t": "rife, abundant, frequent"
},
"expansion": "rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rife",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rife",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rife (comparative more rife, superlative most rife)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 2 34 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The snowdrops grow rife on the slopes of Mount Pembroke.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plentifully, abundantly."
],
"id": "en-rife-en-adv-BL48nvUQ",
"links": [
[
"Plentifully",
"plentifully"
],
[
"abundantly",
"abundantly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "изобилно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "yleisesti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "runsaasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "lukuisasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "reilusti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "pullollaan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obílʹno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "оби́льно"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "abundantemente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "copiosamente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rife",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-rife-gl-verb-cFAjjFOl",
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-rife-gl-verb-h~QZInsO",
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rife",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-rife-es-verb-cFAjjFOl",
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-rife-es-verb-h~QZInsO",
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rifely"
},
{
"word": "rifeness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳfe",
"t": "rife, abundant, frequent"
},
"expansion": "rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rifer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rife (comparative rifer, superlative rifest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smallpox was rife after the siege had been lifted.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies",
"text": "Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet",
"text": "She was afterwards Lady Keith; and the mention of this name in the tale, as it were by mere accident, fixes the era of it in the reign of James the Fourth, at the very time that fairies, brownies, and witches, were at the rifest in Scotland.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams: Avon Books, page 170",
"text": "The 'denominational considerations' mentioned below relate, of course, to anti-Semitic feeling, which was already rife in Vienna during the last years of the nineteenth century.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 329",
"text": "BRB engineers, it is known, have a warm regard for the Ventura range and speculation is rife that it may feature more widely in future BR dieselisation programmes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread, common, prevalent, current (mainly of unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"prevalent",
"prevalent"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Red deer are rife in these woodlands.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Seeds are rife in a watermelon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful."
],
"links": [
[
"Abound",
"abound"
],
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Many post-colonial governments were rife with lawlessness and corruption.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 15, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian",
"text": "They will have to reflect on a seventh successive defeat in a European final while Chelsea try to make sense of an eccentric season rife with controversy and bad feeling but once again one finishing on an exhilarating high.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)."
],
"links": [
[
"Full",
"full"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Webster, William Rowley, A Cure for a Cuckold",
"text": "What! I am rife a little yet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having power; active; nimble."
],
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"active",
"active"
],
[
"nimble",
"nimble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having power; active; nimble."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "widespread",
"word": "pandemic"
},
{
"word": "ubiquitous"
},
{
"word": "widespread"
},
{
"sense": "abounding, plentiful",
"word": "filled"
},
{
"word": "plentiful"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "široko razprostranen",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "широко разпространен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "běžný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "rozšířený"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "schering en inslag"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "tavallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "levinnyt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffuso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišáščij",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "киша́щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Widespread, common (especially of unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "extendido"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilstvašt",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изобилстващ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "hojný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "welig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "alom"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "lukuisa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "runsas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abondant"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "michita",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "満ちた"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izobílujuščij",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "изоби́лующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasprostranjónnyj",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "распространённый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful",
"word": "abundante"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmžašt",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "гъмжащ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "plný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "oplývající"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Full of (mostly unpleasant or harmful things)",
"word": "pullollaan"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf",
"Rhymes:English/aɪf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rife"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rife",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rīfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English rīfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳfe",
"t": "rife, abundant, frequent"
},
"expansion": "rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rīb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rībaz",
"t": "generous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to tear (off), rip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rju",
"t": "rife, much"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rju (“rife, much”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rijf",
"t": "abundant, copious"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rive",
"t": "abundant, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rífur",
"t": "rife, munificent"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ríviligur",
"t": "plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rívan",
"t": "abundantly"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rívan (“abundantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reifa",
"t": "to bestow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīb, from Proto-Germanic *rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rife",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rife",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rife (comparative more rife, superlative most rife)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The snowdrops grow rife on the slopes of Mount Pembroke.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plentifully, abundantly."
],
"links": [
[
"Plentifully",
"plentifully"
],
[
"abundantly",
"abundantly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg/En-us-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rife.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg/En-au-rife.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-au-rife.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izobilno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "изобилно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "yleisesti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "runsaasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "täynnä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "lukuisasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "reilusti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "pullollaan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obílʹno",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "оби́льно"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "abundantemente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Plentifully, abundantly",
"word": "copiosamente"
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rife",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rife",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rifar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rifar",
"rifar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rifar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rife"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.