"psyllium" meaning in English

See psyllium in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: psylliums [plural]
Etymology: From Latin psyllium, from Ancient Greek ψύλλιον (psúllion, “fleawort”), from ψύλλα (psúlla, “flea”) + -ιον (-ion, forming neuter diminutives). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|psyllium}} Latin psyllium, {{der|en|grc|ψύλλιον||fleawort}} Ancient Greek ψύλλιον (psúllion, “fleawort”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} psyllium (usually uncountable, plural psylliums)
  1. Any of several plants of Plantago subg. Psyllium. Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (lifeform): Plantain family plants Synonyms: fleawort, ispaghula Translations (Subgenus of Plantago): ψύλλιον (psúllion) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), ψυλλίον (psullíon) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), بَزَرْقَطُونَا (bazarqaṭūnā) [feminine] (Arabic), أَسْفِيُوس (ʔasfiyūs) [masculine, obsolete] (Arabic), إِسْبَغُول (ʔisbaḡōl) [masculine] (Arabic), ܙܪܱܥ ܩܱܛܘܿܢܳܐ m or ܙܪܱܥ ܩܷܛܘܿܢܳܐ (zəraʿ qaṭṭōnā) [Classical-Syriac, masculine] (Aramaic), ইসবগুল (isbogul) (Bengali), индийски бял живовляк (indijski bjal živovljak) [masculine] (Bulgarian), psyllium [neuter] (Czech), ratamo (Finnish), ispaghul [masculine] (French), Flöhkraut [neuter] (German), Flohkraut [neuter] (German), Flohwegerich [masculine] (German), इसबग़ोल (isabġol) (Hindi), ispaghul [masculine] (Italian), pūlicāria [feminine] (Latin), psyllion [neuter] (Latin), psyllium [neuter] (Latin), acaron (Latin), բզրկատուն (bzrkatun) (Middle Armenian), سپېغول [masculine] (Pashto), اسپرزه (esparze) (Persian), исфа́гула (isfágula) [feminine] (Russian), psyllium [masculine] (Spanish), groblad [neuter] (Swedish), اسبغول (isabgol, isbagol) (Urdu), اسبغول (ispagol) (Urdu)
    Sense id: en-psyllium-en-noun-69I28P-K Disambiguation of Plantain family plants: 49 51 Disambiguation of 'Subgenus of Plantago': 74 26
  2. The seed husk of such plants, especially as a commercial dietary supplement used for mucilage and as a mild laxative. Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (lifeform): Plantain family plants Translations (psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement): psyllium (Finnish), Flohsamen [masculine] (German), Flohsamenschalen [feminine, plural] (German), útifűmag (Hungarian), útifűmaghéj (Hungarian), psylliumfrö [neuter] (Swedish), loppfrö [neuter] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-psyllium-en-noun-Vf38hcZ4 Disambiguation of Plantain family plants: 49 51 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Classical Syriac translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Middle Armenian translations, Terms with Pashto translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Urdu translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 68 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 18 82 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Classical Syriac translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 25 75 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 23 77 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 23 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 23 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle Armenian translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Pashto translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 25 75 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 29 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of 'psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement': 7 93

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "psyllium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin psyllium",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ψύλλιον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "fleawort"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ψύλλιον (psúllion, “fleawort”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Latin psyllium, from Ancient Greek ψύλλιον (psúllion, “fleawort”), from ψύλλα (psúlla, “flea”) + -ιον (-ion, forming neuter diminutives).",
  "forms": [
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      "tags": [
        "plural"
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      "args": {
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      "name": "en-noun"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Plantain family plants",
          "orig": "en:Plantain family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Flowers",
            "Lamiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
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      "glosses": [
        "Any of several plants of Plantago subg. Psyllium."
      ],
      "id": "en-psyllium-en-noun-69I28P-K",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fleawort"
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        {
          "word": "ispaghula"
        }
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      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bazarqaṭūnā",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "بَزَرْقَطُونَا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔasfiyūs",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "أَسْفِيُوس"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔisbaḡōl",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "إِسْبَغُول"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "syc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "roman": "zəraʿ qaṭṭōnā",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Syriac",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ܙܪܱܥ ܩܱܛܘܿܢܳܐ m or ܙܪܱܥ ܩܷܛܘܿܢܳܐ"
        },
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          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "axm",
          "lang": "Middle Armenian",
          "roman": "bzrkatun",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "բզրկատուն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "isbogul",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "ইসবগুল"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "indijski bjal živovljak",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "индийски бял живовляк"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "psyllium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "ratamo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ispaghul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Flöhkraut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
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          "word": "Flohkraut"
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          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Flohwegerich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "note": "its seeds and occasionally the plant being Flohsamen",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ]
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "psúllion",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ψύλλιον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "psullíon",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ψυλλίον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "isabġol",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "इसबग़ोल"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ispaghul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pūlicāria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "psyllion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "psyllium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "acaron"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "سپېغول"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "esparze",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "اسپرزه"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "isfágula",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "исфа́гула"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "psyllium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "groblad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "isabgol, isbagol",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "اسبغول"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "ispagol",
          "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
          "word": "اسبغول"
        }
      ]
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          "kind": "lifeform",
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          "parents": [
            "Flowers",
            "Lamiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
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            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
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        }
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      "glosses": [
        "The seed husk of such plants, especially as a commercial dietary supplement used for mucilage and as a mild laxative."
      ],
      "id": "en-psyllium-en-noun-Vf38hcZ4",
      "links": [
        [
          "seed",
          "seed"
        ],
        [
          "husk",
          "husk"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "especially",
          "especially"
        ],
        [
          "commercial",
          "commercial"
        ],
        [
          "dietary supplement",
          "dietary supplement"
        ],
        [
          "used",
          "used"
        ],
        [
          "mucilage",
          "mucilage"
        ],
        [
          "mild",
          "mild"
        ],
        [
          "laxative",
          "laxative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "word": "psyllium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Flohsamen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Flohsamenschalen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "word": "útifűmag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "word": "útifűmaghéj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "psylliumfrö"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "loppfrö"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "psyllium"
  ],
  "word": "psyllium"
}
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      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The seed husk of such plants, especially as a commercial dietary supplement used for mucilage and as a mild laxative."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "seed",
          "seed"
        ],
        [
          "husk",
          "husk"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "especially",
          "especially"
        ],
        [
          "commercial",
          "commercial"
        ],
        [
          "dietary supplement",
          "dietary supplement"
        ],
        [
          "used",
          "used"
        ],
        [
          "mucilage",
          "mucilage"
        ],
        [
          "mild",
          "mild"
        ],
        [
          "laxative",
          "laxative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bazarqaṭūnā",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "بَزَرْقَطُونَا"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔasfiyūs",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "أَسْفِيُوس"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔisbaḡōl",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "إِسْبَغُول"
    },
    {
      "code": "syc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "roman": "zəraʿ qaṭṭōnā",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Syriac",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ܙܪܱܥ ܩܱܛܘܿܢܳܐ m or ܙܪܱܥ ܩܷܛܘܿܢܳܐ"
    },
    {
      "code": "axm",
      "lang": "Middle Armenian",
      "roman": "bzrkatun",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "բզրկատուն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "isbogul",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "ইসবগুল"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "indijski bjal živovljak",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "индийски бял живовляк"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "psyllium"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "ratamo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ispaghul"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Flöhkraut"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Flohkraut"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Flohwegerich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "note": "its seeds and occasionally the plant being Flohsamen",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "psúllion",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ψύλλιον"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "psullíon",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ψυλλίον"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "isabġol",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "इसबग़ोल"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ispaghul"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pūlicāria"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "psyllion"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "psyllium"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "acaron"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "سپېغول"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "esparze",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "اسپرزه"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "isfágula",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "исфа́гула"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "psyllium"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "groblad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "isabgol, isbagol",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "اسبغول"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "ispagol",
      "sense": "Subgenus of Plantago",
      "word": "اسبغول"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "word": "psyllium"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Flohsamen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Flohsamenschalen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "word": "útifűmag"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "word": "útifűmaghéj"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "psylliumfrö"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "psyllium seed husk, as a dietary supplement",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "loppfrö"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "psyllium"
  ],
  "word": "psyllium"
}

Download raw JSONL data for psyllium meaning in English (6.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": zəraʿ qeṭōnā vs. zəraʿ qaṭṭōnā",
  "path": [
    "psyllium"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "psyllium",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
  "msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
  "path": [
    "psyllium"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "psyllium",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.