See protoform in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish form\nEnglish protoform\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"form\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protoform\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protoform\">\nFrom proto- + form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish form\nEnglish protoform\nFrom proto- + form.",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
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"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with proto-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of urform (“basic or original form”)."
],
"id": "en-protoform-en-noun-vsnd6-ku",
"links": [
[
"urform",
"urform#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "basic or original form",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "urform"
}
]
},
{
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],
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"A hypothetical form of a word, reconstructed from derived words."
],
"id": "en-protoform-en-noun-QDvwmae4",
"links": [
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"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"hypothetical",
"hypothetical"
],
[
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"form"
],
[
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"word"
],
[
"reconstructed",
"reconstructed"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A hypothetical form of a word, reconstructed from derived words."
],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "protoform"
}
{
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"English entries with etymology texts",
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
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"English terms prefixed with proto-",
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish form\nEnglish protoform\nFrom proto- + form.",
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"args": {},
"expansion": "protoform (plural protoforms)",
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],
"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of urform (“basic or original form”)."
],
"links": [
[
"urform",
"urform#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "basic or original form",
"tags": [
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"word": "urform"
}
]
},
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"categories": [
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"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A hypothetical form of a word, reconstructed from derived words."
],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
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]
}
],
"word": "protoform"
}
Download raw JSONL data for protoform meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.