See point-blank in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"t": "white point"
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"name": "bor"
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],
"etymology_text": "From French point blanc (“white point”), originally referring to the white spot to be aimed at on a target (see blank's \"bull's eye\") or alternatively into empty space being fired horizontally.",
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{
"glosses": [
"Very close; not touching but not more than a few metres (yards)."
],
"id": "en-point-blank-en-adj-Be~~OR2G",
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"(forensics) Very close; not touching but not more than a few metres (yards)."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a boca de canó"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a frec de roba"
},
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"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìnjùlí",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "近距離 /近距离"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐjìn",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "抵近"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "lähietäisyydeltä"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "de but en blanc"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "à bout portant"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a boca de cano"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a queima-roupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v upór",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "в упо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a bocajarro"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a quemarropa"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 14 13 3 13 4 5 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "på nära håll"
}
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"The distance between a firearm and a target where a projectile in flight is expected to strike the centre of the target without adjusting the elevation of the firearm."
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"The angle between an airplane’s gun turret and a target aircraft, where a projectile in flight is expected to strike the centre of the target without adjusting the angle of the gun."
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"(ballistics) The angle between an airplane’s gun turret and a target aircraft, where a projectile in flight is expected to strike the centre of the target without adjusting the angle of the gun."
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"2014 December 24, “Assam rebels kill scores on night of brutal attacks in Indian state”, in The Guardian"
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"2014 December 24, “Assam rebels kill scores on night of brutal attacks in Indian state”, in The Guardian:\nHeavily armed militants launched a series of coordinated attacks in rural Assam on Tuesday, pulling villagers from their homes and shooting them at point-blank range, witnesses said.",
"Heavily armed militants launched a series of coordinated attacks in rural Assam on Tuesday, pulling villagers from their homes and shooting them at point-blank range, witnesses said."
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"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN"
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"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:"
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"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:\nFifteen of those people had died of natural causes, the rest from gunshot wounds, including point-blank shots, or from shrapnel.",
"Fifteen of those people had died of natural causes, the rest from gunshot wounds, including point-blank shots, or from shrapnel."
],
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{
"text": "a point-blank assertion",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1872 September – 1873 July, Thomas Hardy, “‘VII’”, in A Pair of Blue Eyes. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "At this point-blank denial, Stephen turned his face away decisively, and preserved an ominous silence; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1910 August-September, Joseph Conrad, chapter II, in The Secret Sharer, Harper's Magazine:",
"text": "Yes, but surliness might have provoked a point-blank question.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951 April, R. S. McNaught, “Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 269:",
"text": "In recent years, the attitude of the railway authorities towards large-scale visits to works and sheds on the whole, has, happily, veered round from suspicion, and even point-blank opposition, to one of co-operation and ready welcome.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disconcertingly straightforward or blunt; outright."
],
"id": "en-point-blank-en-adj-qf0pv8nz",
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[
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"blunt"
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[
"outright",
"outright"
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíjiéliǎodāng",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "直截了當 /直截了当"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duànrán",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "斷然 /断然"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gāncuì",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "乾脆 /干脆"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjamík",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "напрями́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjamúju",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "напряму́ю"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 4 4 5 4 6 72",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "direkt"
}
]
}
],
"word": "point-blank"
}
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"ref": "1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XXXVIII, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book (please specify |book=I to VIII):",
"text": "One day, when he was doing some valuation for me, he told me point-blank that clergymen seldom understood anything about business, and did mischief when they meddled; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Henry James, chapter VIII, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:",
"text": "About a week afterwards she said to him, point-blank, “Are you seriously making love to your little cousin?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXVII, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "My father addressed himself to the gentleman point-blank, and there was quite a disturbance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan: or The Strange Experience of One Geoffrey Tempest, Millionaire […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "He was getting on well, so I understood, and had secured a fairly substantial position, and I had therefore ventured to ask him point-blank for the loan of fifty pounds.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC:",
"text": "Montgomery fired and missed, bowed his head, threw up his arm, and turned to run. I fired, and the Thing still came on; fired again, point-blank, into its ugly face.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Gods of Mars”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as The Gods of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., September 1918, →OCLC:",
"text": "For answer the girl raised her revolver and fired point-blank at him. Without a sound he sank to the earth, dead.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Noreena Hertz, chapter 6, in The Lonely Century, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN:",
"text": "In fact in 2017, former Facebook president Sean Parker told news media company Axios point-blank that the central question driving Facebook in its early days was ‘How do we consume as much of your time and conscious attention as possible?’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a direct manner, without hesitation."
],
"id": "en-point-blank-en-adv-GEF59PQd",
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[
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"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "sense engaltar"
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{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a boca de canó"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
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"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
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},
{
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"roman": "duànrán",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "斷然 /断然"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
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"roman": "gāncuì",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "乾脆 /干脆"
},
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"code": "fr",
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"word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "de but en blanc"
},
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"code": "it",
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"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
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"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a bocajarro"
},
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"code": "es",
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"word": "a quemarropa"
}
]
}
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"word": "point-blank"
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"Heavily armed militants launched a series of coordinated attacks in rural Assam on Tuesday, pulling villagers from their homes and shooting them at point-blank range, witnesses said."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"2014 December 24, “Assam rebels kill scores on night of brutal attacks in Indian state”, in The Guardian:"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:\nFifteen of those people had died of natural causes, the rest from gunshot wounds, including point-blank shots, or from shrapnel.",
"Fifteen of those people had died of natural causes, the rest from gunshot wounds, including point-blank shots, or from shrapnel."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"2022 April 3, Carlotta Gall, Andrew E. Kramer, “In a Kyiv Suburb,‘They Shot Everyone They Saw’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a point-blank assertion",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1872 September – 1873 July, Thomas Hardy, “‘VII’”, in A Pair of Blue Eyes. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "At this point-blank denial, Stephen turned his face away decisively, and preserved an ominous silence; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1910 August-September, Joseph Conrad, chapter II, in The Secret Sharer, Harper's Magazine:",
"text": "Yes, but surliness might have provoked a point-blank question.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951 April, R. S. McNaught, “Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 269:",
"text": "In recent years, the attitude of the railway authorities towards large-scale visits to works and sheds on the whole, has, happily, veered round from suspicion, and even point-blank opposition, to one of co-operation and ready welcome.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disconcertingly straightforward or blunt; outright."
],
"links": [
[
"Disconcertingly",
"disconcertingly"
],
[
"straightforward",
"straightforward"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
],
[
"outright",
"outright"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a boca de canó"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a frec de roba"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìnjùlí",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "近距離 /近距离"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐjìn",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "抵近"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "lähietäisyydeltä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "de but en blanc"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "à bout portant"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a boca de cano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a queima-roupa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v upór",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "в упо́р"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a bocajarro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "a quemarropa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "so close that a weapon may be aimed directly at its target",
"word": "på nära håll"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíjiéliǎodāng",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "直截了當 /直截了当"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duànrán",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "斷然 /断然"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gāncuì",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "乾脆 /干脆"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjamík",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "напрями́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjamúju",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "напряму́ю"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "rättfram"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disconcertingly straightforward or blunt",
"word": "direkt"
}
],
"word": "point-blank"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "point blanc",
"t": "white point"
},
"expansion": "French point blanc (“white point”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French point blanc (“white point”), originally referring to the white spot to be aimed at on a target (see blank's \"bull's eye\") or alternatively into empty space being fired horizontally.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "point-blank (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XXXVIII, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book (please specify |book=I to VIII):",
"text": "One day, when he was doing some valuation for me, he told me point-blank that clergymen seldom understood anything about business, and did mischief when they meddled; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Henry James, chapter VIII, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:",
"text": "About a week afterwards she said to him, point-blank, “Are you seriously making love to your little cousin?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXVII, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "My father addressed himself to the gentleman point-blank, and there was quite a disturbance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Marie Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan: or The Strange Experience of One Geoffrey Tempest, Millionaire […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "He was getting on well, so I understood, and had secured a fairly substantial position, and I had therefore ventured to ask him point-blank for the loan of fifty pounds.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC:",
"text": "Montgomery fired and missed, bowed his head, threw up his arm, and turned to run. I fired, and the Thing still came on; fired again, point-blank, into its ugly face.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Gods of Mars”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as The Gods of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., September 1918, →OCLC:",
"text": "For answer the girl raised her revolver and fired point-blank at him. Without a sound he sank to the earth, dead.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Noreena Hertz, chapter 6, in The Lonely Century, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN:",
"text": "In fact in 2017, former Facebook president Sean Parker told news media company Axios point-blank that the central question driving Facebook in its early days was ‘How do we consume as much of your time and conscious attention as possible?’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a direct manner, without hesitation."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"hesitation",
"hesitation"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "sense engaltar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a boca de canó"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíjiéliǎodāng",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "直截了當 /直截了当"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duànrán",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "斷然 /断然"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gāncuì",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "乾脆 /干脆"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "de but en blanc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a bruciapelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a bocajarro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in a direct manner, without hesitation",
"word": "a quemarropa"
}
],
"word": "point-blank"
}
Download raw JSONL data for point-blank meaning in English (14.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.