See misbegotten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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},
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"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 57, column 2:",
"text": "But as the Deuill would haue it, three miſ-be-gotten Knaues, in Kendall Greene, came at my Back, […]",
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"ref": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Foolish woman!” responded the physician, half coldly, half soothingly. “What should ail me to harm this misbegotten and miserable babe? The medicine is potent for good, and were it my child—yea, mine own, as well as thine! I could do no better for it.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
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],
"id": "en-misbegotten-en-adj-fNQkt4la",
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"ref": "2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “Cabin Boy”, in The A.V. Club:",
"text": "Many of the strangest, most misbegotten studio films of the last 20 years have been comedies, perhaps because middle-aged executives have no comprehension of what the younger generation finds funny.",
"type": "quotation"
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"Ill-conceived."
],
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"ref": "1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Dr. Lanyon’s Narrative”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 100:",
"text": "Rather, as there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature that now faced me—something seizing, surprising and revolting—this fresh disparity seemed but to fit in with and to rëinforce it;[…]",
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"ref": "1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "\"Do they not sneakingly bestow on me their crass inability to do anything with their own misbegotten progeny, a subterfuge which I scornfully fub off on text-books?\"",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "There was the guy I spent a misbegotten night with who said he'd call me and never did but came to the party anyway, and I felt primed for a confrontation.",
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"ref": "2008, Christopher Paolini, “Rider and Ra'zac”, in Brisingr, page 71:",
"text": "He chose then to push away his misbegotten regret and to concentrate instead on his relief: relief that he was free of the grim demands of his self-imposed quest and that his only remaining obligations were those born of his current position.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Bad; worthless."
],
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[
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"worthless"
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"(by extension) Bad; worthless."
],
"tags": [
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"begotten\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"misbegotten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"misbegotten\">\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
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{
"word": "misbeget"
}
],
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"past participle of misbeget"
],
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[
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"head_templates": [
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "misbeget"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "misbegetten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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],
"senses": [
{
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{
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"glosses": [
"One born illegitimately (i.e., out of wedlock); a bastard."
],
"id": "en-misbegotten-en-noun-cXFu7JQJ",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
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"wedlock#English"
],
[
"bastard",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, sometimes derogatory) One born illegitimately (i.e., out of wedlock); a bastard."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"obsolete",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
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"ref": "1973, Philippa Foot, “Nietzsche: The Revaluation of Values”, in Robert C. Solomon, Garden City, New York, editors, Nietzsche: A Collection of Critical Essays, Anchor Books, →ISBN, page 161:",
"text": "By preserving the incapable and “misbegotten”, and by insisting that they be the object of compassionate attention, it would cause even the strong to be infected with gloom and nihilism.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person born into infelicitous circumstances."
],
"id": "en-misbegotten-en-noun-ttDbIX93",
"links": [
[
"infelicitous",
"infelicitous#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(loosely, in the plural) A person born into infelicitous circumstances."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"in-plural"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "people, considered as a class, born into infelicitous circumstances",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "misérables"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "people, considered as a class, born into infelicitous circumstances",
"tags": [
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],
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"ipa": "/ˌmɪsbɪˈɡɑtn̩/",
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"word": "misbegotten"
}
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"begotten\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"misbegotten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"misbegotten\">\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"name": "ety"
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],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
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],
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"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 57, column 2:",
"text": "But as the Deuill would haue it, three miſ-be-gotten Knaues, in Kendall Greene, came at my Back, […]",
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"ref": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Foolish woman!” responded the physician, half coldly, half soothingly. “What should ail me to harm this misbegotten and miserable babe? The medicine is potent for good, and were it my child—yea, mine own, as well as thine! I could do no better for it.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"Born",
"born"
],
[
"illegitimate",
"illegitimate"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) Born out of wedlock; illegitimate."
],
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"ref": "2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “Cabin Boy”, in The A.V. Club:",
"text": "Many of the strangest, most misbegotten studio films of the last 20 years have been comedies, perhaps because middle-aged executives have no comprehension of what the younger generation finds funny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ill-conceived."
],
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[
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"ill-conceived"
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"(by extension, figuratively) Ill-conceived."
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"examples": [
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"ref": "1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Dr. Lanyon’s Narrative”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 100:",
"text": "Rather, as there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature that now faced me—something seizing, surprising and revolting—this fresh disparity seemed but to fit in with and to rëinforce it;[…]",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "\"Do they not sneakingly bestow on me their crass inability to do anything with their own misbegotten progeny, a subterfuge which I scornfully fub off on text-books?\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
28,
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"ref": "1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "There was the guy I spent a misbegotten night with who said he'd call me and never did but came to the party anyway, and I felt primed for a confrontation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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31,
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],
"ref": "2008, Christopher Paolini, “Rider and Ra'zac”, in Brisingr, page 71:",
"text": "He chose then to push away his misbegotten regret and to concentrate instead on his relief: relief that he was free of the grim demands of his self-imposed quest and that his only remaining obligations were those born of his current position.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bad; worthless."
],
"links": [
[
"Bad",
"bad"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Bad; worthless."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
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}
],
"word": "misbegotten"
}
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"begotten\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"misbegotten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"misbegotten\">\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
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],
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"word": "misbeget"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of misbeget"
],
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[
"misbeget",
"misbeget#English"
]
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"begotten\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"misbegotten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"misbegotten\">\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nEnglish begotten\nEnglish misbegotten\nFrom mis- + begotten.",
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "misbeget"
},
{
"word": "misbegetten"
},
{
"word": "misbegot"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One born illegitimately (i.e., out of wedlock); a bastard."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"wedlock",
"wedlock#English"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, sometimes derogatory) One born illegitimately (i.e., out of wedlock); a bastard."
],
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]
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"ref": "1973, Philippa Foot, “Nietzsche: The Revaluation of Values”, in Robert C. Solomon, Garden City, New York, editors, Nietzsche: A Collection of Critical Essays, Anchor Books, →ISBN, page 161:",
"text": "By preserving the incapable and “misbegotten”, and by insisting that they be the object of compassionate attention, it would cause even the strong to be infected with gloom and nihilism.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person born into infelicitous circumstances."
],
"links": [
[
"infelicitous",
"infelicitous#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(loosely, in the plural) A person born into infelicitous circumstances."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌmɪsbɪˈɡɒtn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌmɪsbɪˈɡɑtn̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "people, considered as a class, born into infelicitous circumstances",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "misérables"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "people, considered as a class, born into infelicitous circumstances",
"tags": [
"plural",
"virile"
],
"word": "nieszczęśnicy"
}
],
"word": "misbegotten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for misbegotten meaning in English (16.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.