See microbiologist in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-der.?\nAncient Greek μικρός (mikrós)der.\nEnglish micro-\nProto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.\nAncient Greek βίος (bíos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nNew Latin -logia\nNew Latin biologialbor.\nEnglish biology\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish biologist\nEnglish microbiologist\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"small\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"little\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"μικρός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"micro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"biology\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"life\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"live\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷeyh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βίος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"explanation\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λόγος\", \"gloss\" : \"explanation\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-λογῐ́ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"-logia\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"biologia\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"biology\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"biologist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"microbiologist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"microbiologist\">\nFrom micro- + biologist.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-der.?\nAncient Greek μικρός (mikrós)der.\nEnglish micro-\nProto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.\nAncient Greek βίος (bíos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nNew Latin -logia\nNew Latin biologialbor.\nEnglish biology\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish biologist\nEnglish microbiologist\nFrom micro- + biologist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "microbiologists",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "microbiologist (plural microbiologists)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "bacteriologist"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 6-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeyh₃-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (little)",
"English terms prefixed with micro-",
"English terms suffixed with -ist",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"en:Biologists"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
202,
217
]
],
"ref": "2016 March 24, Jon Henley, “The aggressive, outrageous, infuriating (and ingenious) rise of BrewDog”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "On a tour of the cavernous and gleaming BrewDog plant in Ellon, just north of Aberdeen, Dickie happily batted around terminology – IBU, ABV, pH, haze, present gravity, headspace oxygen – with PhD-level microbiologists working in the lab.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
89
]
],
"ref": "2019 October 7, Sandee LaMotte, “The germiest place in your home and the best way to combat those microbes”, in CNN:",
"text": "No, because we obsessively clean it (or use paper coverings at work), said microbiologist Charles Gerba, a professor of public health, environmental science and immunology at the University of Arizona.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A biologist whose speciality is microbiology."
],
"links": [
[
"biologist",
"biologist"
],
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q3779582"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q3779582"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-microbiologist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-microbiologist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-microbiologist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-microbiologist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-microbiologist.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "manrēaban",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "մանրէաբան"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiòleg"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbiòloga"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wéishēngwù xuéjiā",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "微生物學家 /微生物学家"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrobiolog"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mikrobiolog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbioloog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbiologe"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "mikrobioloog"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "mikrobiologi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiologiste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiólogo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbióloga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mikrobiologe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mikrobiologin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "mikroviológos",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "μικροβιολόγος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiologo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbiologa"
},
{
"alt": "びせいぶつがくしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "biseibutsu gakusha",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "微生物学者"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrobiolog"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mikrobiolog"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiólogo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbióloga"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiolog"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiologist"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "mikrobiólog",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "микробио́лог"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "microbiólogo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "microbióloga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mikrobiolog"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "sūkṣmajīvaśāstrajñuḍu",
"sense": "scientist specializing in microbiology",
"word": "సూక్ష్మజీవశాస్త్రజ్ఞుడు"
}
],
"word": "microbiologist"
}
Download raw JSONL data for microbiologist meaning in English (16.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.