See mediterranean sea in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"t": "located in the midst of land"
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"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *médʰyos\nThe word mediterranean is from Latin mediterrāneus (“inland, remote from the coast”) + English -an (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Mediterrāneus is derived from medius (“middle”) + terra (“dry land, ground”), modelled after Ancient Greek μεσόγαιος (mesógaios, “located in the midst of land”). The English word is cognate with Middle French méditerranéen (modern French méditerranéen), Italian mediterraneo, Spanish mediterráneo.",
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"ref": "1604, Joseph Acosta [i.e., José de Acosta], “Of the Ocean that Invirons the Indies, and of the North and South Seas”, in E[dward] G[rimeston], transl., The Naturall and Morall Historie of the East and West Indies. […], London: Printed by Val[entine] Sims for Edward Blount and William Aspley, →OCLC, 3rd book; quoted in [Samuel] Purchas, “Obseruations Gathered out of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Bookes of Iosephvs Acosta, […] Touching the Naturall Historie of the Heauens, Ayre, Water, and Earth at the West Indies. […]”, in Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. […], 3rd part, London: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], 1625, →OCLC, § II, page 928:",
"text": "To this day they haue not diſouered at the Indies any Mediterranean Sea, as in Europe, Aſia, and Affrica, into the which there enters ſome arme of this great Sea, and makes diſtinct Seas, taking their names from the Prouinces they waſh: and almoſt all of the Mediterranean Seas continue and ioyne together, and with the Ocean it ſelfe, by the ſtraight of Gibraltar, which the Ancients called, the Pillers of Hercules, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “SUN”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "This will account for the Caſpian Sea being always at a Stand, and neither waſting or overflowing; and alſo for the Current ſaid to ſet always in at the Streights of Gibraltar, notwithſtanding that thoſe Mediterranean''' ſeas receive ſo many, and ſo conſiderable Rivers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856, George Louis Le Clerc [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “Article XI. Of Seas and Lakes.”, in William Smellie, transl., A Natural History, General and Particular; […] Translated from the French […], new edition, volume I, London: Thomas Kelly, […], →OCLC, page 75:",
"text": "[I]t [the German Sea or North Sea] enlarges more and more, and forms the Baltic, which is a mediterranean sea, extending, from south to north, near 300 leagues, if the Gulf of Bothnia, which is a continuation of it, be comprehended.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Keith Johnston, Jun., “Explanatory Diagrams. Geographical Terms and Contour Lines. Map 1.”, in Hand Book of Physical Geography (Middle Class Series), Edinburgh, London: W. & A. K. Johnston, →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "A strait is the narrow part of the sea which separates two continents or islands, or an island from the mainland, or forms the opening into a mediterranean sea; […] The islands of the land correspond to the inland seas, the peninsulas to the mediterranean seas and gulfs, the promontories of the land to the bays, and the straits joining the mediterranean seas to the oceans, to the isthmuses which connect the peninsulas to the mainland.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Nicholas J[ohn] Spykman, “The United States in the Western Hemisphere”, in America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & Co., →OCLC; republished New Brunswick, N.J., London: Transaction Publishers, 2007 (2008 printing), →ISBN, page 49:",
"text": "A similar situation is observable in regard to the other mediterranean seas. North Africa has been more intimately related to Europe than with the equatorial belt beyond the Sahara and Northern Australia is closer to Singapore than to Melbourne which lies on the other side of the broad Australian desert.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Emil Vespremeanu, Mariana Golumbeanu, “Introduction”, in The Black Sea: Physical, Environmental and Historical Perspectives, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Geography, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 1.1 (Geographical Location of the Black Sea), page 2:",
"text": "The Mediterranean seas are basins with sizes smaller than oceans, extended between the continents, separated from the adjacent ocean by means of one or several straits, with the bottom developed on a continental crust and on ocean crust, with local surface circulation, with modest interactions between sea and atmosphere. According to their size, there are large Mediterranean seas (Mediterranean Sea, American Mediterranean, Australasian Mediterranean Sea) and small Mediterranean seas (Baltic Sea, Red Sea).",
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"glosses": [
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"related": [
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"tags": [
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"word": "Mediterrane"
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"translations": [
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"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "陸間海"
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{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùjiānhǎi",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "陆间海"
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{
"code": "da",
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"word": "middelhav"
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{
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"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "binnenzee"
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{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "middellandse zee"
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{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "maailmamere"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "saartevaheline meri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "sisämeri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "välimeri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mer méditérranéenne"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šida zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "შიდა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šiga zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "შიგა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xmeletšua mokceuli zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ხმელეთშუა მოქცეული ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xmeletšua zɣva",
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"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ხმელეთშუა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mittelmeer"
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{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "beltenger"
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{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mare mediterraneo"
},
{
"alt": "ちちゅうかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chichūkai",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "地中海"
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{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jijunghae",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "지중해"
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{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iekšējā jūra"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "madhyadharaṇyāḻi",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "മധ്യധരണ്യാഴി"
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{
"code": "no",
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"word": "middelhav"
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{
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],
"word": "innhav"
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{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morze śródlądowe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
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"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morze śródziemne"
},
{
"code": "pt",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mar mediterrâneo"
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{
"code": "pt",
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"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
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"word": "mar continental"
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{
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "mare mediteraneană"
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{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sredizémnoje móre",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "средизе́мное мо́ре"
},
{
"code": "es",
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"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
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"masculine"
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{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
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"word": "medelhav"
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{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vnútrišnje móre",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вну́трішнє мо́ре"
},
{
"code": "yi",
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"roman": "mitlendisher yam",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מיטלענדישער ים"
},
{
"code": "yi",
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"roman": "yam-hagodl",
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"word": "ים־הגדול"
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"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *médʰyos\nThe word mediterranean is from Latin mediterrāneus (“inland, remote from the coast”) + English -an (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Mediterrāneus is derived from medius (“middle”) + terra (“dry land, ground”), modelled after Ancient Greek μεσόγαιος (mesógaios, “located in the midst of land”). The English word is cognate with Middle French méditerranéen (modern French méditerranéen), Italian mediterraneo, Spanish mediterráneo.",
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"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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"Terms with Polish translations",
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"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1604, Joseph Acosta [i.e., José de Acosta], “Of the Ocean that Invirons the Indies, and of the North and South Seas”, in E[dward] G[rimeston], transl., The Naturall and Morall Historie of the East and West Indies. […], London: Printed by Val[entine] Sims for Edward Blount and William Aspley, →OCLC, 3rd book; quoted in [Samuel] Purchas, “Obseruations Gathered out of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Bookes of Iosephvs Acosta, […] Touching the Naturall Historie of the Heauens, Ayre, Water, and Earth at the West Indies. […]”, in Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. […], 3rd part, London: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], 1625, →OCLC, § II, page 928:",
"text": "To this day they haue not diſouered at the Indies any Mediterranean Sea, as in Europe, Aſia, and Affrica, into the which there enters ſome arme of this great Sea, and makes diſtinct Seas, taking their names from the Prouinces they waſh: and almoſt all of the Mediterranean Seas continue and ioyne together, and with the Ocean it ſelfe, by the ſtraight of Gibraltar, which the Ancients called, the Pillers of Hercules, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, Philip Miller, “SUN”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "This will account for the Caſpian Sea being always at a Stand, and neither waſting or overflowing; and alſo for the Current ſaid to ſet always in at the Streights of Gibraltar, notwithſtanding that thoſe Mediterranean''' ſeas receive ſo many, and ſo conſiderable Rivers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856, George Louis Le Clerc [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “Article XI. Of Seas and Lakes.”, in William Smellie, transl., A Natural History, General and Particular; […] Translated from the French […], new edition, volume I, London: Thomas Kelly, […], →OCLC, page 75:",
"text": "[I]t [the German Sea or North Sea] enlarges more and more, and forms the Baltic, which is a mediterranean sea, extending, from south to north, near 300 leagues, if the Gulf of Bothnia, which is a continuation of it, be comprehended.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Keith Johnston, Jun., “Explanatory Diagrams. Geographical Terms and Contour Lines. Map 1.”, in Hand Book of Physical Geography (Middle Class Series), Edinburgh, London: W. & A. K. Johnston, →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "A strait is the narrow part of the sea which separates two continents or islands, or an island from the mainland, or forms the opening into a mediterranean sea; […] The islands of the land correspond to the inland seas, the peninsulas to the mediterranean seas and gulfs, the promontories of the land to the bays, and the straits joining the mediterranean seas to the oceans, to the isthmuses which connect the peninsulas to the mainland.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Nicholas J[ohn] Spykman, “The United States in the Western Hemisphere”, in America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & Co., →OCLC; republished New Brunswick, N.J., London: Transaction Publishers, 2007 (2008 printing), →ISBN, page 49:",
"text": "A similar situation is observable in regard to the other mediterranean seas. North Africa has been more intimately related to Europe than with the equatorial belt beyond the Sahara and Northern Australia is closer to Singapore than to Melbourne which lies on the other side of the broad Australian desert.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Emil Vespremeanu, Mariana Golumbeanu, “Introduction”, in The Black Sea: Physical, Environmental and Historical Perspectives, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Geography, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 1.1 (Geographical Location of the Black Sea), page 2:",
"text": "The Mediterranean seas are basins with sizes smaller than oceans, extended between the continents, separated from the adjacent ocean by means of one or several straits, with the bottom developed on a continental crust and on ocean crust, with local surface circulation, with modest interactions between sea and atmosphere. According to their size, there are large Mediterranean seas (Mediterranean Sea, American Mediterranean, Australasian Mediterranean Sea) and small Mediterranean seas (Baltic Sea, Red Sea).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans, and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds."
],
"links": [
[
"oceanography",
"oceanography"
],
[
"enclosed",
"enclosed#Adjective"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"limited",
"limited#Adjective"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange#Noun"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
],
[
"circulation",
"circulation"
],
[
"dominate",
"dominate"
],
[
"salinity",
"salinity"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature"
],
[
"difference",
"difference"
],
[
"winds",
"wind#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(oceanography) A mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans, and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences",
"oceanography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mediterranean sea.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mediterranean_sea.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mediterranean_sea.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mediterranean_sea.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mediterranean_sea.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "陸間海"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùjiānhǎi",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "陆间海"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "middelhav"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "binnenzee"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "middellandse zee"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "maailmamere"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "saartevaheline meri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "sisämeri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "välimeri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mer méditérranéenne"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šida zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "შიდა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šiga zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "შიგა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xmeletšua mokceuli zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ხმელეთშუა მოქცეული ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xmeletšua zɣva",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ხმელეთშუა ზღვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mittelmeer"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "beltenger"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mare mediterraneo"
},
{
"alt": "ちちゅうかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chichūkai",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "地中海"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jijunghae",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "지중해"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iekšējā jūra"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "madhyadharaṇyāḻi",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"word": "മധ്യധരണ്യാഴി"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "middelhav"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "innhav"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morze śródlądowe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morze śródziemne"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mar mediterrâneo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mar continental"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mare mediteraneană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sredizémnoje móre",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "средизе́мное мо́ре"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mar mediterráneo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "medelhav"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vnútrišnje móre",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вну́трішнє мо́ре"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mitlendisher yam",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מיטלענדישער ים"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "yam-hagodl",
"sense": "mostly enclosed sea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ים־הגדול"
}
],
"word": "mediterranean sea"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mediterranean sea meaning in English (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.