See hearken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "behearken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hearken back"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hearkener"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "herkenen",
"t": "to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed"
},
"expansion": "Middle English herkenen (“to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ercne, erkne, hærcne, hærcnen, hærcnien, harcnien, harken, harkenen, harknen, harkni, harkyn, hearken, heorkenen, hercnen, hercni, hercnie, hercnien, hercnigen, hercnin, hercne, hercnen, herken, herkin, herknen, herkni, heorcnen, heorkni, heorknien, herken, herkene, herkken, herkne, herknen, herkon, herkyn, herrcnenn",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hercnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hercnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infix"
},
"expansion": "infix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hauzijaną",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti",
"t": "to be sharp-eared, hear well"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared, hear well”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominal",
"2": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "denominative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hark",
"3": "en"
},
"expansion": "hark + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English herkenen (“to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed”) [and other forms], from Old English hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian, from *heorcian (“to hark”) infixed with -n-, from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared, hear well”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ṓws (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix). The spelling of the English word was probably influenced by hear, and can be analysed as hark + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hearkens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hearken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hearken (third-person singular simple present hearkens, present participle hearkening, simple past and past participle hearkened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"heark‧en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 46 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hearing",
"orig": "en:Hearing",
"parents": [
"Senses",
"Perception",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 33, page 103:",
"text": "Thenceforth ſhe paſt into his dreadfull den, / VVhere nought but darkeſome drerineſſe ſhe found, / Ne creature ſaw, but hearkned now and then / Some little whiſpering, and ſoft groaning ſound.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 3, column 1:",
"text": "This King of Naples being an Enemy / To me inueterate, hearkens my Brothers ſuit, / Which was, That he in lieu o' th' premiſes, / Of homage, and I know not how much Tribute, / Should preſently extirpate me and mine / Out of the Dukedome, and confer faire Milane / With all the Honors, on my brother: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1785, “Hunting Songs and Cantatas”, in The Humming Bird: Or, A Compleat Collection of the Most Esteemed Songs. […], 3rd edition, Canterbury, Kent: Printed and sold by Simmons and Kirkby; London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, number 50, page 17, column 2:",
"text": "With pleaſure he hearkens the heart-ſoothing chear / Shakes Morpheus and ſlumber away; / While joyful he ſtarts, and with ſpeed doth appear / The foremoſt to welcome the day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “New Year’s Eve”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza X, page 99:",
"text": "Tho' I cannot speak a word, I shall hearken what ye say, / And be often—often with ye when ye think I'm faraway.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1869 December 18, “A Storm”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, number 312 (Fourth Series), London, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, →OCLC, page 816, column 2:",
"text": "And now a sweet bird calls its scattered mates, / And gaily hearkens the unburdened heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “January”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 88:",
"text": "Up in the spire / The watcher set high o'er the half-hid town / Hearkens the sound of chiming bells fall down / Below him: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hear (something) with attention; to have regard to (something)."
],
"id": "en-hearken-en-verb-H1xB4M9~",
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"attention",
"attention"
],
[
"regard",
"regard#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic except poetic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic except poetic) To hear (something) with attention; to have regard to (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 55 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 52 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 52 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 55 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 58 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 52 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 59 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 59 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 57 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 62 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 58 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 57 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 61 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 57 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 59 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 60 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 60 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hearing",
"orig": "en:Hearing",
"parents": [
"Senses",
"Perception",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus XXIIII:25, folio 433, verso:",
"text": "Who ſo hearkeneth vnto me, ſhal not come to confuſion, & they that worke by me, ſhal not offende; [they that make me to be knowen, ſhal haue euerlaſting life.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 145], lines [868–870]; republished as Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC, verse 145, page 51, lines 868–870:",
"text": "She hearkens for his hounds and for his horn: / Anon she hears them chant it lustily, / And all in haste she coasteth to the cry.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:17, column 1:",
"text": "And vnto Adam he [God] ſaid, Becauſe thou hast hearkened vnto the voice of thy wife [Eve], and haſt eaten of the tree, of which I commaunded thee, ſaying, Thou ſhalt not eate of it: curſed is the ground for thy ſake: in ſorow ſhalt thou eate of it all the dayes of thy life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 4:1, column 1:",
"text": "Nowe therefore hearken, O Iſrael, vnto the Statutes, and vnto the Judgments which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may liue, and goe in and poſſeſſe the lande, which the Lord God of your fathers giueth you.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 690–693:",
"text": "Ev'n from the depths of Hell the Damn'd advance, / Th' Infernal Manſions nodding ſeem to dance; / The gaping three-mouth'd Dog forgets to ſnarl, / The Furies harken, and their Snakes uncurl.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1750 November, “Maxims for the Conduct of Life”, in The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure: […], volume VII, number XLVIII, London: Published […] by John Hinton, […], →OCLC, page 224, column 1:",
"text": "When ſhe [voluptuousness] ſpreadeth her delicacies on the table, when her wine ſparkleth in the cup, when ſhe ſmileth upon thee, and perſuadeth thee to be joyful and happy; then is the hour of danger, and let reaſon ſtand firmly on her guard: for, if thou hearkeneſt unto the words of her adverſary, thou art deceived and betrayed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1827, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter III, in The Prairie; a Tale. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey, Lea & Carey […], →OCLC, page 48:",
"text": "If the advice of an old man is, then, worth hearkening to, children, you will quickly, go different ways to your places of shelter and safety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “Œnone”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza II, page 52:",
"text": "O mother Ida, manyfountained Ida, / Dear mother Ida, hearken ere I die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 January, Edgar A[llan] Poe, “The Tell-Tale Heart”, in J[ames] Russell Lowell, R[obert] Carter, editors, The Pioneer. A Literary and Critical Magazine, volume I, number I, Boston, Mass.: Leland and Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 29, column 1:",
"text": "How, then, am I mad? Harken! and observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1844, [Helen Taylor], “Monday”, in The Child’s Book of Homilies. […], London: Edwards and Hughes, […]; Hatchard and Son, […], →OCLC, part II (Homilies for the Week), page 70:",
"text": "Thou who art of all things Lord, / Well I know, in Galilee, / Hearkenedst to Thy mother's word, / Teach me such a child to be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Sea Chest”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part I (The Old Buccaneer), page 29:",
"text": "We were not many minutes on the road, though we sometimes stopped to lay hold of each other and hearken. But there was no unusual sound—nothing but the low wash of the ripple and the croaking of the inmates of the wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, William Faulkner, “The Bear”, in Go Down, Moses, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →OCLC, section 5, page 326:",
"text": "[T]he mother who had shaped him if any had toward the man he almost was, […] whom he had revered and harkened to and loved and lost and grieved: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Stanley Fish, “Fraught with Death”, in The Trouble with Principle, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 93:",
"text": "You do not, in short, speak in order to encourage others to speak freely but in order to discourage others from disseminating or hearkening to error. You do not seek to enfranchise the community but to bind it to the truths you take to be salutary.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered; to hear with attention, compliance, or obedience."
],
"id": "en-hearken-en-verb-AHygXy1O",
"links": [
[
"listen",
"listen"
],
[
"attend",
"attend"
],
[
"give heed",
"give heed"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"compliance",
"compliance"
],
[
"obedience",
"obedience"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered; to hear with attention, compliance, or obedience."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slušam",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "слушам"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vslušvam se",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "вслушвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kuunnella"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kuunnella tarkkaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "horchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "hören"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "lauschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "andhausjan",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupakoúō",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "ὑπακούω"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "askoltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "dare ascolto"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "ascoltare con attenzione"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "prestare orecchio"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "escutar atentamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výslušatʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "вы́слушать"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnémlitʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вне́млить"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnimátʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "внима́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "počuti"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "saslušati"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "lystra"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "dinlemek"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 86 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kulak vermek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:",
"text": "Claudio. Hearken after their offence my Lord. / Prince. Officers, what offence haue theſe men done?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enquire; to seek information."
],
"id": "en-hearken-en-verb-nvY3FxfI",
"links": [
[
"enquire",
"enquire"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To enquire; to seek information."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hearken.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹkən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "harken"
}
],
"word": "hearken"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)kən",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)kən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Hearing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "behearken"
},
{
"word": "hearken back"
},
{
"word": "hearkener"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "herkenen",
"t": "to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed"
},
"expansion": "Middle English herkenen (“to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ercne, erkne, hærcne, hærcnen, hærcnien, harcnien, harken, harkenen, harknen, harkni, harkyn, hearken, heorkenen, hercnen, hercni, hercnie, hercnien, hercnigen, hercnin, hercne, hercnen, herken, herkin, herknen, herkni, heorcnen, heorkni, heorknien, herken, herkene, herkken, herkne, herknen, herkon, herkyn, herrcnenn",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hercnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hercnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infix"
},
"expansion": "infix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hauzijaną",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti",
"t": "to be sharp-eared, hear well"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared, hear well”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "denominal",
"2": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "denominative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hark",
"3": "en"
},
"expansion": "hark + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English herkenen (“to listen (attentively); to pay attention, take heed”) [and other forms], from Old English hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian, from *heorcian (“to hark”) infixed with -n-, from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared, hear well”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ṓws (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix). The spelling of the English word was probably influenced by hear, and can be analysed as hark + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hearkens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hearkened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hearken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hearken (third-person singular simple present hearkens, present participle hearkening, simple past and past participle hearkened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"heark‧en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 33, page 103:",
"text": "Thenceforth ſhe paſt into his dreadfull den, / VVhere nought but darkeſome drerineſſe ſhe found, / Ne creature ſaw, but hearkned now and then / Some little whiſpering, and ſoft groaning ſound.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 3, column 1:",
"text": "This King of Naples being an Enemy / To me inueterate, hearkens my Brothers ſuit, / Which was, That he in lieu o' th' premiſes, / Of homage, and I know not how much Tribute, / Should preſently extirpate me and mine / Out of the Dukedome, and confer faire Milane / With all the Honors, on my brother: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1785, “Hunting Songs and Cantatas”, in The Humming Bird: Or, A Compleat Collection of the Most Esteemed Songs. […], 3rd edition, Canterbury, Kent: Printed and sold by Simmons and Kirkby; London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, number 50, page 17, column 2:",
"text": "With pleaſure he hearkens the heart-ſoothing chear / Shakes Morpheus and ſlumber away; / While joyful he ſtarts, and with ſpeed doth appear / The foremoſt to welcome the day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “New Year’s Eve”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza X, page 99:",
"text": "Tho' I cannot speak a word, I shall hearken what ye say, / And be often—often with ye when ye think I'm faraway.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1869 December 18, “A Storm”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, number 312 (Fourth Series), London, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, →OCLC, page 816, column 2:",
"text": "And now a sweet bird calls its scattered mates, / And gaily hearkens the unburdened heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1870, William Morris, “January”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 88:",
"text": "Up in the spire / The watcher set high o'er the half-hid town / Hearkens the sound of chiming bells fall down / Below him: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hear (something) with attention; to have regard to (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"attention",
"attention"
],
[
"regard",
"regard#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic except poetic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic except poetic) To hear (something) with attention; to have regard to (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus XXIIII:25, folio 433, verso:",
"text": "Who ſo hearkeneth vnto me, ſhal not come to confuſion, & they that worke by me, ſhal not offende; [they that make me to be knowen, ſhal haue euerlaſting life.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 145], lines [868–870]; republished as Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC, verse 145, page 51, lines 868–870:",
"text": "She hearkens for his hounds and for his horn: / Anon she hears them chant it lustily, / And all in haste she coasteth to the cry.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:17, column 1:",
"text": "And vnto Adam he [God] ſaid, Becauſe thou hast hearkened vnto the voice of thy wife [Eve], and haſt eaten of the tree, of which I commaunded thee, ſaying, Thou ſhalt not eate of it: curſed is the ground for thy ſake: in ſorow ſhalt thou eate of it all the dayes of thy life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 4:1, column 1:",
"text": "Nowe therefore hearken, O Iſrael, vnto the Statutes, and vnto the Judgments which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may liue, and goe in and poſſeſſe the lande, which the Lord God of your fathers giueth you.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 690–693:",
"text": "Ev'n from the depths of Hell the Damn'd advance, / Th' Infernal Manſions nodding ſeem to dance; / The gaping three-mouth'd Dog forgets to ſnarl, / The Furies harken, and their Snakes uncurl.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1750 November, “Maxims for the Conduct of Life”, in The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure: […], volume VII, number XLVIII, London: Published […] by John Hinton, […], →OCLC, page 224, column 1:",
"text": "When ſhe [voluptuousness] ſpreadeth her delicacies on the table, when her wine ſparkleth in the cup, when ſhe ſmileth upon thee, and perſuadeth thee to be joyful and happy; then is the hour of danger, and let reaſon ſtand firmly on her guard: for, if thou hearkeneſt unto the words of her adverſary, thou art deceived and betrayed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1827, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter III, in The Prairie; a Tale. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey, Lea & Carey […], →OCLC, page 48:",
"text": "If the advice of an old man is, then, worth hearkening to, children, you will quickly, go different ways to your places of shelter and safety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “Œnone”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza II, page 52:",
"text": "O mother Ida, manyfountained Ida, / Dear mother Ida, hearken ere I die.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 January, Edgar A[llan] Poe, “The Tell-Tale Heart”, in J[ames] Russell Lowell, R[obert] Carter, editors, The Pioneer. A Literary and Critical Magazine, volume I, number I, Boston, Mass.: Leland and Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 29, column 1:",
"text": "How, then, am I mad? Harken! and observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1844, [Helen Taylor], “Monday”, in The Child’s Book of Homilies. […], London: Edwards and Hughes, […]; Hatchard and Son, […], →OCLC, part II (Homilies for the Week), page 70:",
"text": "Thou who art of all things Lord, / Well I know, in Galilee, / Hearkenedst to Thy mother's word, / Teach me such a child to be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Sea Chest”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part I (The Old Buccaneer), page 29:",
"text": "We were not many minutes on the road, though we sometimes stopped to lay hold of each other and hearken. But there was no unusual sound—nothing but the low wash of the ripple and the croaking of the inmates of the wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942, William Faulkner, “The Bear”, in Go Down, Moses, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →OCLC, section 5, page 326:",
"text": "[T]he mother who had shaped him if any had toward the man he almost was, […] whom he had revered and harkened to and loved and lost and grieved: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Stanley Fish, “Fraught with Death”, in The Trouble with Principle, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 93:",
"text": "You do not, in short, speak in order to encourage others to speak freely but in order to discourage others from disseminating or hearkening to error. You do not seek to enfranchise the community but to bind it to the truths you take to be salutary.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered; to hear with attention, compliance, or obedience."
],
"links": [
[
"listen",
"listen"
],
[
"attend",
"attend"
],
[
"give heed",
"give heed"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"compliance",
"compliance"
],
[
"obedience",
"obedience"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered; to hear with attention, compliance, or obedience."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:",
"text": "Claudio. Hearken after their offence my Lord. / Prince. Officers, what offence haue theſe men done?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enquire; to seek information."
],
"links": [
[
"enquire",
"enquire"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To enquire; to seek information."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hearken.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hearken.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹkən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "harken"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slušam",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "слушам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vslušvam se",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "вслушвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kuunnella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kuunnella tarkkaan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "horchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "hören"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "lauschen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "andhausjan",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupakoúō",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "ὑπακούω"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "askoltar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "dare ascolto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "ascoltare con attenzione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "prestare orecchio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "escutar atentamente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výslušatʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "вы́слушать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnémlitʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вне́млить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnimátʹ",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "внима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "počuti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "saslušati"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "lystra"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "dinlemek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to listen; to attend or give heed to what is uttered",
"word": "kulak vermek"
}
],
"word": "hearken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hearken meaning in English (17.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.