See handiwork in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:hondywerk",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "hand",
"6": "work",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nOld English ġeweorc\nOld English handġeweorc\nMiddle English hondywerk\nEnglish handiwork\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*handu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"ġe-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intensifier\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"together\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ge-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*werǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominalizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérǵom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", 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\"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"work\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hondywerk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"enm\", \":inh\", \"ang:hand\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hond\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ang\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"gmw-pro:*werk<id:work>\", \"id\" : \"work\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weorc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"werk\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"work\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"handiwork\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"handiwork\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hondywerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hondywerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "handġeweorc",
"4": "",
"5": "work done by hand, creation"
},
"expansion": "Old English handġeweorc (“work done by hand, creation”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hand",
"3": "work"
},
"expansion": "hand + work",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hondwierk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Hondwierk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch handwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Handwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Handwerk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nOld English ġeweorc\nOld English handġeweorc\nMiddle English hondywerk\nEnglish handiwork\nFrom Middle English hondywerk, handiwerc, from Old English handġeweorc (“work done by hand, creation”), from hand (“hand”) + ġeweorc (“work”). Equivalent to hand + work, though it may now be reinterpreted as handy (“skilful”) + work. Compare Saterland Frisian Hondwierk, Dutch handwerk, German Handwerk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "handiworks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handywork",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "handiwork (usually uncountable, plural handiworks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 5 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "54 5 19 22",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "53 2 20 25",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "51 5 27 18",
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "48 9 15 27",
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{
"_dis": "52 10 17 22",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 10 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 10 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 10 17 22",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "49 8 20 22",
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{
"_dis": "49 12 20 18",
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],
"glosses": [
"Work done by the hands."
],
"id": "en-handiwork-en-noun-29w7U5KO",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "handwork"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "punëdore"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎkodelie",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ръкоделие"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "sau² gung¹",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "手工"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shǒugōng",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "手工"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "käsityö"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheirōnaxía",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χειρωναξία"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "kézzel végzett munka"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "kerajinan tangan"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trabalho manual"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ručnaja rabóta",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "ручная рабо́та"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "hechura"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "cēsēta",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "చేసేత"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "cētipani",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "చేతిపని"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 0 9 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "el işi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
65
]
],
"text": "The Museum of Popular Arts showcases Portugal's finest handiworks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A handmade object; a handicraft."
],
"id": "en-handiwork-en-noun-n7WpCBYX",
"links": [
[
"handicraft",
"handicraft"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "handmade object; handicraft",
"word": "kézimunka"
}
]
},
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"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"text": "The street names are the handiwork of city planners.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1901, Bible (American Standard) - Psalms 19:1",
"text": "The firmament showeth his handiwork."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work done personally."
],
"id": "en-handiwork-en-noun-hO4BkRNv",
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
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{
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77
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],
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 163:",
"text": "Brunel's associations with the area have left a few examples of his handiwork or teaching in South Wales.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
144,
153
]
],
"ref": "2004 Fall, Laurence Claus, “The Antidiscrimination Eighth Amendment”, in Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, volume 28, number 1, pages 119–168:",
"text": "As a primary architect of the draft Constitution that emerged from Philadelphia in 1787, Madison substantially bore the burden of defending his handiwork in his home state.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The result of personal efforts."
],
"id": "en-handiwork-en-noun-50rPW86m",
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 0 2 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the result of personal efforts",
"word": "(keze) munkája"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 0 2 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the result of personal efforts",
"word": "műve"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhændiˌwɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhændiˌwɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/En-us-handiwork.ogg",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "handiwork"
}
{
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"English countable nouns",
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"English entries with etymology trees",
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"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
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"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
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"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
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],
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{
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},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nOld English ġeweorc\nOld English handġeweorc\nMiddle English hondywerk\nEnglish handiwork\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*handu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"ġe-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intensifier\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"together\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ge-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*werǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominalizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérǵom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weorc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġeweorc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"handġeweorc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"ang\", \":inh\", \"gmw-pro:*handu\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hond\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"work\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hondywerk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"enm\", \":inh\", \"ang:hand\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hond\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hand\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ang\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"gmw-pro:*werk<id:work>\", \"id\" : \"work\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weorc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"werk\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"work\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"handiwork\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"handiwork\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hondywerk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hondywerk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "handġeweorc",
"4": "",
"5": "work done by hand, creation"
},
"expansion": "Old English handġeweorc (“work done by hand, creation”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hand",
"3": "work"
},
"expansion": "hand + work",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hondwierk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Hondwierk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handwerk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch handwerk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Handwerk"
},
"expansion": "German Handwerk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nOld English ġeweorc\nOld English handġeweorc\nMiddle English hondywerk\nEnglish handiwork\nFrom Middle English hondywerk, handiwerc, from Old English handġeweorc (“work done by hand, creation”), from hand (“hand”) + ġeweorc (“work”). Equivalent to hand + work, though it may now be reinterpreted as handy (“skilful”) + work. Compare Saterland Frisian Hondwierk, Dutch handwerk, German Handwerk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "handiworks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handywork",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dated"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "handiwork (usually uncountable, plural handiworks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Work done by the hands."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
65
]
],
"text": "The Museum of Popular Arts showcases Portugal's finest handiworks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A handmade object; a handicraft."
],
"links": [
[
"handicraft",
"handicraft"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"text": "The street names are the handiwork of city planners.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1901, Bible (American Standard) - Psalms 19:1",
"text": "The firmament showeth his handiwork."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work done personally."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
77
]
],
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 163:",
"text": "Brunel's associations with the area have left a few examples of his handiwork or teaching in South Wales.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
144,
153
]
],
"ref": "2004 Fall, Laurence Claus, “The Antidiscrimination Eighth Amendment”, in Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, volume 28, number 1, pages 119–168:",
"text": "As a primary architect of the draft Constitution that emerged from Philadelphia in 1787, Madison substantially bore the burden of defending his handiwork in his home state.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The result of personal efforts."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhændiˌwɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhændiˌwɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-handiwork.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/En-us-handiwork.ogg/En-us-handiwork.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/En-us-handiwork.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "handwork"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "punëdore"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎkodelie",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ръкоделие"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "sau² gung¹",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "手工"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shǒugōng",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "手工"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "käsityö"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheirōnaxía",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χειρωναξία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "kézzel végzett munka"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "kerajinan tangan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trabalho manual"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ručnaja rabóta",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "ручная рабо́та"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "hechura"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "cēsēta",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "చేసేత"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "cētipani",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "చేతిపని"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "work done by the hands",
"word": "el işi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "handmade object; handicraft",
"word": "kézimunka"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the result of personal efforts",
"word": "(keze) munkája"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the result of personal efforts",
"word": "műve"
}
],
"word": "handiwork"
}
Download raw JSONL data for handiwork meaning in English (13.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"handiwork"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "handiwork",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.