See graven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Middle_English"
],
[
"igraven",
"igraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"grafen",
"grafen#Old_English"
],
[
"ġegrafen",
"gegrafen#Old_English"
],
[
"*grabanaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabanaz"
],
[
"*grabaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafen"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabanaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabanaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną",
"t": "to dig, trench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "graven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:",
"text": "Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of grave"
],
"id": "en-graven-en-verb-9x4~flDH",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Middle_English"
],
[
"igraven",
"igraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"grafen",
"grafen#Old_English"
],
[
"ġegrafen",
"gegrafen#Old_English"
],
[
"*grabanaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabanaz"
],
[
"*grabaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafen"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabanaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabanaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną",
"t": "to dig, trench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "graven (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 9 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 5 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 5 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 4 22 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 0 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 0 21 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 3 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 5 25 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 0 14 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 0 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 0 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 0 14 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graven image"
},
{
"word": "intergraven"
},
{
"word": "ungraven"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 20:4:",
"text": "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"carved, engraved"
],
"id": "en-graven-en-adj-UwZzEog7",
"links": [
[
"carved",
"carved"
],
[
"engraved",
"engraved"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "gegraveerd"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "mefusál",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מפוסל"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "meguláf",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מגולף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "tavúa",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טבוע"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "grábháilte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "greanta"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "From graven (adjective) above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 5 25 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
29
]
],
"ref": "1786, Thomas Doolittle, A treatise concerning the Lord's Supper:",
"text": "I saw I was not only gravened upon the palms of his hands, or set as a seal upon his arm, but I was pourtrayed upon his heart.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make graven or engraved"
],
"id": "en-graven-en-verb-AMBbiIQh",
"links": [
[
"engraved",
"engraved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To make graven or engraved"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English:_inchoative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<pos:adjective>",
"4": "-en<id:inchoative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From grave (adjective) + -en.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From grave (adjective) + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 5 25 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
56
]
],
"ref": "2012, Samuel W Herbert, Avenue:",
"text": "Whatever it was that had cast a dark shadow and gravened the faces of those normally ebullient people was much too complicated for me to understand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become grave (serious or sombre)"
],
"id": "en-graven-en-verb-dvsE5QIw",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To make or become grave (serious or sombre)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ingravēscō"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Middle_English"
],
[
"igraven",
"igraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"grafen",
"grafen#Old_English"
],
[
"ġegrafen",
"gegrafen#Old_English"
],
[
"*grabanaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabanaz"
],
[
"*grabaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafen"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabanaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabanaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną",
"t": "to dig, trench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "graven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:",
"text": "Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of grave"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graven image"
},
{
"word": "intergraven"
},
{
"word": "ungraven"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Middle_English"
],
[
"igraven",
"igraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"grafen",
"grafen#Old_English"
],
[
"ġegrafen",
"gegrafen#Old_English"
],
[
"*grabanaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabanaz"
],
[
"*grabaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grabaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafen"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabanaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabanaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną",
"t": "to dig, trench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "graven (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 20:4:",
"text": "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"carved, engraved"
],
"links": [
[
"carved",
"carved"
],
[
"engraved",
"engraved"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "gegraveerd"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "mefusál",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מפוסל"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "meguláf",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מגולף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "tavúa",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טבוע"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "grábháilte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "greanta"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "From graven (adjective) above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
29
]
],
"ref": "1786, Thomas Doolittle, A treatise concerning the Lord's Supper:",
"text": "I saw I was not only gravened upon the palms of his hands, or set as a seal upon his arm, but I was pourtrayed upon his heart.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make graven or engraved"
],
"links": [
[
"engraved",
"engraved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To make graven or engraved"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English:_inchoative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<pos:adjective>",
"4": "-en<id:inchoative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From grave (adjective) + -en.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From grave (adjective) + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
56
]
],
"ref": "2012, Samuel W Herbert, Avenue:",
"text": "Whatever it was that had cast a dark shadow and gravened the faces of those normally ebullient people was much too complicated for me to understand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become grave (serious or sombre)"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To make or become grave (serious or sombre)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "ingravēscō"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for graven meaning in English (10.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.