"epistemic marker" meaning in English

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "epistemic markers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "epistemic marker (plural epistemic markers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 October 30, Herbold et al., “A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, page 6",
          "text": "For epistemic markers we adopt an empirically-driven approach and utilize the epistemic markers identified in a corpus of dialogical argumentation by Hautli-Janisz et al. We consider expressions such as ‘I think’, ‘it is believed’ and ‘in my opinion’ to be epistemic.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic element, such as a word or phrase, that indicates the speaker's or writer's attitude or degree of certainty regarding the truth or likelihood of a statement."
      ],
      "id": "en-epistemic_marker-en-noun--qY-yavL",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ],
        [
          "attitude",
          "attitude"
        ],
        [
          "certainty",
          "certainty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A linguistic element, such as a word or phrase, that indicates the speaker's or writer's attitude or degree of certainty regarding the truth or likelihood of a statement."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "epistemic marker"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "epistemic markers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "epistemic marker (plural epistemic markers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 October 30, Herbold et al., “A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, page 6",
          "text": "For epistemic markers we adopt an empirically-driven approach and utilize the epistemic markers identified in a corpus of dialogical argumentation by Hautli-Janisz et al. We consider expressions such as ‘I think’, ‘it is believed’ and ‘in my opinion’ to be epistemic.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic element, such as a word or phrase, that indicates the speaker's or writer's attitude or degree of certainty regarding the truth or likelihood of a statement."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ],
        [
          "attitude",
          "attitude"
        ],
        [
          "certainty",
          "certainty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A linguistic element, such as a word or phrase, that indicates the speaker's or writer's attitude or degree of certainty regarding the truth or likelihood of a statement."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "epistemic marker"
}