See epidural in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "epidurally"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "76 24",
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},
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"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidurální"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 24",
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
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},
{
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"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epiduraalinen"
},
{
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"word": "épidural"
},
{
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"word": "επισκληρίδιος"
},
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"word": "epidural"
},
{
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"code": "it",
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"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidurale"
},
{
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"code": "pl",
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"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "zewnątrzoponowy"
},
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"roman": "epidurálʹnyj",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "эпидура́льный"
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"text": "For reasons I shan’t bore you with, I got them to induce me at 39 weeks, at 10am, with the epidural going in first, and it was all a dream. Until the baby went back to back and they very nicely pointed out that the epidural doesn’t deal with that pain.",
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{
"code": "ca",
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
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"word": "epidural"
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{
"code": "fi",
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"word": "epiduraalipuudutus"
},
{
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "péridurale"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
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"word": "épidurale"
},
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"word": "epidural"
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"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ep-",
"English terms prefixed with epi-",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl/4 syllables",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"es:Anatomy",
"es:Medicine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "epidurally"
},
{
"word": "epiduro-"
},
{
"word": "nonepidural"
},
{
"word": "postepidural"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "epi-",
"4": "dural",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.\nEnglish epi-\nEnglish dura\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nEnglish epidural\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁éps\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ep-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁epi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*epí\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπί\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπῐ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"epi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dura\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"epidural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"epidural\">\nFrom epi- + dural.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.\nEnglish epi-\nEnglish dura\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nEnglish epidural\nFrom epi- + dural.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more epidural",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most epidural",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "epidural (comparative more epidural, superlative most epidural)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English relational adjectives",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Situated on or outside the dura mater."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"Situated",
"situated"
],
[
"dura mater",
"dura mater"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, relational) Situated on or outside the dura mater."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "extradural"
},
{
"word": "peridural"
}
],
"tags": [
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"text": "Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for pain relief during childbirth.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to the space immediately outside the dura mater."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"dura mater",
"dura mater"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, relational) Of or pertaining to the space immediately outside the dura mater."
],
"tags": [
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.ɪˈdjʊə.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.ɪˈdjɔː.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.əˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-epidural.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-epidural.oga/En-us-epidural.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-epidural.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìngnǎomóshàng",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "硬腦膜上 /硬脑膜上"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìngnǎomówài",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "硬腦膜外 /硬脑膜外"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidurální"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epiduraal"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epiduraalinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "épidural"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "péridural"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "episklirídios",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "επισκληρίδιος"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidurale"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "zewnątrzoponowy"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "epidurálʹnyj",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "эпидура́льный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "situated on or outside the dura mater",
"word": "epidural"
}
],
"word": "epidural"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ep-",
"English terms prefixed with epi-",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl/4 syllables",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"es:Anatomy",
"es:Medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "epi-",
"4": "dural",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.\nEnglish epi-\nEnglish dura\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nEnglish epidural\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁éps\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ep-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁epi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*epí\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπί\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπῐ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"epi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dura\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"epidural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"epidural\">\nFrom epi- + dural.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.\nEnglish epi-\nEnglish dura\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nEnglish epidural\nFrom epi- + dural.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "epidurals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "epidural (plural epidurals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
91,
99
],
[
215,
223
]
],
"ref": "2014 December 5, Marina Hyde, “Childbirth is as awful as it is magical, thanks to our postnatal ‘care’”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "For reasons I shan’t bore you with, I got them to induce me at 39 weeks, at 10am, with the epidural going in first, and it was all a dream. Until the baby went back to back and they very nicely pointed out that the epidural doesn’t deal with that pain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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35
],
[
222,
230
]
],
"ref": "2025 November 25, Jillian Pretzel, “I got an epidural for all three of my births – none of them worked as expected”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "During my third birth, the epidural provided a welcome numbing sensation on one side of my abdomen, but I still had sharp, intense pain on the other. […] I’ve talked to dozens of mom friends over the years. Most say their epidural was like a magic wand that eliminated their pain in minutes. Some recalled napping or watching a movie through most of labor.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An injection of anaesthetic into the epidural space of the spine, especially associated with pain relief during childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"injection",
"injection"
],
[
"anaesthetic",
"anaesthetic"
],
[
"epidural",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"pain relief",
"pain relief"
],
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) An injection of anaesthetic into the epidural space of the spine, especially associated with pain relief during childbirth."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.ɪˈdjʊə.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.ɪˈdjɔː.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛp.əˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-epidural.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-epidural.oga/En-us-epidural.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-epidural.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"word": "epiduraalipuudutus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "péridurale"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épidurale"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "epiduralbedövning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "anaesthetic",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "epidural"
}
],
"word": "epidural"
}
Download raw JSONL data for epidural meaning in English (15.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.