See dural in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dura",
"4": "-al",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish dura\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"dural\">\nFrom dura + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish dura\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nFrom dura + -al.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dural (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dural sinus"
},
{
"word": "dural venous sinus"
},
{
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"word": "extradural"
},
{
"word": "intradural"
},
{
"word": "myodural"
},
{
"word": "peridural"
},
{
"word": "postdural"
},
{
"word": "subdural"
},
{
"word": "supradural"
},
{
"word": "transdural"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to the dura mater."
],
"id": "en-dural-en-adj-f5sedF4f",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"dura mater",
"dura mater"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, relational) Relating to the dura mater."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìngnǎomó de",
"sense": "relating to the dura mater",
"word": "硬腦膜的 /硬脑膜的"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "relating to the dura mater",
"word": "dural"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdjʊə.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dural.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəl"
}
],
"word": "dural"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duralumin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of duralumin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of duralumin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dural (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of duralumin."
],
"id": "en-dural-en-noun-zWRrz2Yi",
"links": [
[
"duralumin",
"duralumin#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "duralumin"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdjʊə.ɹæl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dural2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"word": "dural"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English clippings",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dural sinus"
},
{
"word": "dural venous sinus"
},
{
"word": "epidural"
},
{
"word": "extradural"
},
{
"word": "intradural"
},
{
"word": "myodural"
},
{
"word": "peridural"
},
{
"word": "postdural"
},
{
"word": "subdural"
},
{
"word": "supradural"
},
{
"word": "transdural"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dura",
"4": "-al",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish dura\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dural\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"dural\">\nFrom dura + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish dura\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nFrom dura + -al.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dural (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English relational adjectives",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to the dura mater."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"dura mater",
"dura mater"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, relational) Relating to the dura mater."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdjʊə.ɹəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìngnǎomó de",
"sense": "relating to the dura mater",
"word": "硬腦膜的 /硬脑膜的"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "relating to the dura mater",
"word": "dural"
}
],
"word": "dural"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
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"1": "en",
"2": "duralumin"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of duralumin",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of duralumin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
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"expansion": "dural (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of duralumin."
],
"links": [
[
"duralumin",
"duralumin#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "duralumin"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdjʊə.ɹæl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dural2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dural2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"word": "dural"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dural meaning in English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.