See cun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-#Proto-Indo-European:_know"
],
[
"*-né-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-#Proto-Indo-European:_nasal_infix"
],
[
"*-ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ti#Proto-Indo-European:_verb"
],
[
"*ǵn̥néh₃ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥néh₃ti#Proto-Indo-European:_to_know"
],
[
"*kunnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną#Proto-Germanic:_to_know"
],
[
"*kunnan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kunnan#Proto-West_Germanic:_know"
],
[
"cunnan",
"cunnan#Old_English"
],
[
"cunnen",
"cunnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cunnen",
"cunnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"connen",
"connen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cunnan",
"cunnan#Old_English"
],
[
"*kunnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną"
],
[
"con",
"con#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cunnen",
"id": "to know",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunnaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunnan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cunnan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cunnen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cun\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to know\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cun\" id=\"English:_to_know\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cunnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cunnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cunnan",
"4": "",
"5": "to know, know how (to)"
},
"expansion": "Old English cunnan (“to know, know how (to)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cunnen",
"id": "to know",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun\nFrom Middle English cunnen, connen, from Old English cunnan (“to know, know how (to)”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know”). Doublet of con.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cun (third-person singular simple present cuns, present participle cunning, simple past and past participle cunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To know."
],
"id": "en-cun-en-verb-fkIEsBcG",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To know."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cunning"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊn/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"conn",
"conn#English"
],
[
"cond",
"cond#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "See conn, cond.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cun (third-person singular simple present cuns, present participle cunning, simple past and past participle cunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "direct or steer a ship",
"word": "conn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of conn (“direct or steer a ship”)."
],
"id": "en-cun-en-verb--0tVubB8",
"links": [
[
"conn",
"conn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌn/"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"寸",
"寸#Chinese"
],
[
"sun",
"sun#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zh",
"3": "寸"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 寸 (cùn)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sun",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese 寸 (cùn). Doublet of sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cun",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tsun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "*"
},
"expansion": "cun (plural cuns or cun)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 28 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 25 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A traditional Chinese unit of length, originally the width of a person's thumb at the knuckle."
],
"id": "en-cun-en-noun-N1xWkqL4",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tsuːn/"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ǵn̥néh₃ti",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-#Proto-Indo-European:_know"
],
[
"*-né-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-#Proto-Indo-European:_nasal_infix"
],
[
"*-ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ti#Proto-Indo-European:_verb"
],
[
"*ǵn̥néh₃ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥néh₃ti#Proto-Indo-European:_to_know"
],
[
"*kunnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną#Proto-Germanic:_to_know"
],
[
"*kunnan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kunnan#Proto-West_Germanic:_know"
],
[
"cunnan",
"cunnan#Old_English"
],
[
"cunnen",
"cunnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cunnen",
"cunnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"connen",
"connen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cunnan",
"cunnan#Old_English"
],
[
"*kunnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną"
],
[
"con",
"con#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cunnen",
"id": "to know",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunnaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunnan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cunnan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cunnen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cun\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to know\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cun\" id=\"English:_to_know\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cunnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cunnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cunnan",
"4": "",
"5": "to know, know how (to)"
},
"expansion": "Old English cunnan (“to know, know how (to)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cunnen",
"id": "to know",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti\nProto-Germanic *kunnaną\nProto-West Germanic *kunnan\nOld English cunnan\nMiddle English cunnen\nEnglish cun\nFrom Middle English cunnen, connen, from Old English cunnan (“to know, know how (to)”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know”). Doublet of con.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cun (third-person singular simple present cuns, present participle cunning, simple past and past participle cunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "cunning"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To know."
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To know."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊn/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Chinese",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"conn",
"conn#English"
],
[
"cond",
"cond#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "See conn, cond.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cun (third-person singular simple present cuns, present participle cunning, simple past and past participle cunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "direct or steer a ship",
"word": "conn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of conn (“direct or steer a ship”)."
],
"links": [
[
"conn",
"conn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌn/"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Chinese",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"寸",
"寸#Chinese"
],
[
"sun",
"sun#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zh",
"3": "寸"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 寸 (cùn)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sun",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinese 寸 (cùn). Doublet of sun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cun",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tsun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "*"
},
"expansion": "cun (plural cuns or cun)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A traditional Chinese unit of length, originally the width of a person's thumb at the knuckle."
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"length",
"length"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tsuːn/"
}
],
"word": "cun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cun meaning in English (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.