See circularize in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "circularizable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "circularization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "circularizer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "decircularize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "recircularize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "circular",
"4": "-ize",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish circular\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish circularize\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"circularize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"circularize\">\nFrom circular + -ize.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish circular\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish circularize\nFrom circular + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circularizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circularizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circularized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circularized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circularize (third-person singular simple present circularizes, present participle circularizing, simple past and past participle circularized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 12 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 15 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 15 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 14 17 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 12 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 10 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 14 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To publicize something by publishing and distributing circulars."
],
"id": "en-circularize-en-verb-5XDaikk4",
"links": [
[
"publicize",
"publicize"
],
[
"circular",
"circular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To publicize something by publishing and distributing circulars."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
145,
158
]
],
"ref": "1926, Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises, Folio Society, published 2008, page 56:",
"text": "Mr and Mrs Aloysius Kirby announce the marriage of their daughter Katherine – I knew neither the girl nor the man she was marrying. They must be circularizing the town.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To distribute a circular or circulars to."
],
"id": "en-circularize-en-verb-UkQ8cF2-",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To distribute a circular or circulars to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To canvass opinion by using a questionnaire."
],
"id": "en-circularize-en-verb--sTsgKb0",
"links": [
[
"canvass",
"canvass"
],
[
"questionnaire",
"questionnaire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 31 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) circular in shape."
],
"id": "en-circularize-en-verb-6KSxHuOi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (something) circular in shape."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "circularize"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "circularizable"
},
{
"word": "circularization"
},
{
"word": "circularizer"
},
{
"word": "decircularize"
},
{
"word": "recircularize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "circular",
"4": "-ize",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish circular\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish circularize\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"circularize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"circularize\">\nFrom circular + -ize.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish circular\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish circularize\nFrom circular + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circularizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circularizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circularized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circularized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circularize (third-person singular simple present circularizes, present participle circularizing, simple past and past participle circularized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To publicize something by publishing and distributing circulars."
],
"links": [
[
"publicize",
"publicize"
],
[
"circular",
"circular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To publicize something by publishing and distributing circulars."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
145,
158
]
],
"ref": "1926, Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises, Folio Society, published 2008, page 56:",
"text": "Mr and Mrs Aloysius Kirby announce the marriage of their daughter Katherine – I knew neither the girl nor the man she was marrying. They must be circularizing the town.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To distribute a circular or circulars to."
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To distribute a circular or circulars to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To canvass opinion by using a questionnaire."
],
"links": [
[
"canvass",
"canvass"
],
[
"questionnaire",
"questionnaire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) circular in shape."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (something) circular in shape."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "circularize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for circularize meaning in English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.