See chough in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpine chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "red-billed chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Corcorax melanorhamphos",
"word": "white-winged chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yellow-billed chough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "choughe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choughe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēo",
"4": "",
"5": "a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kahu",
"4": "",
"5": "jackdaw, crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to crow, caw, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kae",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots kae (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ka",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw, daw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaja",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English choughe, choȝe, coo, cheo, from Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”) and ċeahhe (“a daw”), both from Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”).\nCognate with Scots kae (“jackdaw”), West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”), Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”), Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chough (plural choughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1521, John Shelton, Speke Parott, archived from the original on 2020-12-05, lines 205–210:",
"text": "For Parrot is no churlish chowgh, nor flekyd pye, (chough; peacock) / Parrot is no pendugum that men call a carlyng, (witch) / Parrot is no woodecocke, nor no butterfly, / Parrot is no stameryng stare, that men call a starlyng; (starling) / But Parrot is my owne dere harte and my dere derling. (dear) / Melpomene, that fayre mayde, she burneshed his beke: (polished) / I pray you, let Parrot have lyberte to speke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia."
],
"id": "en-chough-en-noun-MYMRZrr5",
"links": [
[
"Pyrrhocorax",
"Pyrrhocorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Corvidae",
"Corvidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "choya"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "chova"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "cuerva"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "červenokraka garga",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "червенокрака гарга"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鴉"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyā",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鸦"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chogha"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palores"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kavče"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "pirokorako"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alppivaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "crave"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "choia"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bergkrähe"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "csóka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cág cosdearg"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gracchio"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajûmerre",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "قاژوومەڕە"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wrończyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klúšica",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клу́шица"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chova"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"for the genus"
],
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common",
"name",
"plural"
],
"word": "alpkråkor"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpkaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alpkråka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân Gernyw"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân goesgoch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "21 79",
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{
"_dis": "28 72",
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{
"_dis": "32 68",
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{
"_dis": "29 71",
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"_dis": "26 74",
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"_dis": "26 74",
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{
"_dis": "27 73",
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{
"_dis": "30 70",
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{
"_dis": "28 72",
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"_dis": "25 75",
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"_dis": "33 67",
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{
"_dis": "29 71",
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{
"_dis": "30 70",
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{
"_dis": "25 75",
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{
"_dis": "24 76",
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{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
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"Animals",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands."
],
"id": "en-chough-en-noun-uMVZK3gI",
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Corcorax",
"Corcorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
],
[
"Corcoracidae",
"Corcoracidae#Translingual"
],
[
"woodland",
"woodland"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hermit-crow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"word": "mutavaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skałowron"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-chough.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga/En-uk-chough.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "chuff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chough"
],
"word": "chough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Corvids",
"en:Corvoid birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpine chough"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "red-billed chough"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Corcorax melanorhamphos",
"word": "white-winged chough"
},
{
"word": "yellow-billed chough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "choughe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choughe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēo",
"4": "",
"5": "a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kahu",
"4": "",
"5": "jackdaw, crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to crow, caw, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kae",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ka",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw, daw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaja",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English choughe, choȝe, coo, cheo, from Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”) and ċeahhe (“a daw”), both from Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”).\nCognate with Scots kae (“jackdaw”), West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”), Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”), Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1521, John Shelton, Speke Parott, archived from the original on 2020-12-05, lines 205–210:",
"text": "For Parrot is no churlish chowgh, nor flekyd pye, (chough; peacock) / Parrot is no pendugum that men call a carlyng, (witch) / Parrot is no woodecocke, nor no butterfly, / Parrot is no stameryng stare, that men call a starlyng; (starling) / But Parrot is my owne dere harte and my dere derling. (dear) / Melpomene, that fayre mayde, she burneshed his beke: (polished) / I pray you, let Parrot have lyberte to speke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia."
],
"links": [
[
"Pyrrhocorax",
"Pyrrhocorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Corvidae",
"Corvidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands."
],
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
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"Corcorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
],
[
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"Corcoracidae#Translingual"
],
[
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"woodland"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hermit-crow"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-chough.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga/En-uk-chough.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "chuff"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "choya"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "chova"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "cuerva"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "červenokraka garga",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "червенокрака гарга"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鴉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyā",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鸦"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chogha"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palores"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kavče"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "pirokorako"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alppivaris"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "crave"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "choia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bergkrähe"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "csóka"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cág cosdearg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gracchio"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajûmerre",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "قاژوومەڕە"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wrończyk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klúšica",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клу́шица"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chova"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"for the genus"
],
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common",
"name",
"plural"
],
"word": "alpkråkor"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpkaja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alpkråka"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân Gernyw"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân goesgoch"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"word": "mutavaris"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skałowron"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chough"
],
"word": "chough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chough meaning in English (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.