See chough on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chough meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpine chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "red-billed chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Corcorax melanorhamphos",
"word": "white-winged chough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yellow-billed chough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "choughe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choughe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choȝe"
},
"expansion": "choȝe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "coo"
},
"expansion": "coo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheo"
},
"expansion": "cheo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēo",
"4": "",
"5": "a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeahhe",
"3": "",
"4": "a daw"
},
"expansion": "ċeahhe (“a daw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kahu",
"4": "",
"5": "jackdaw, crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to crow, caw, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kae",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots kae (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ka",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw, daw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaja",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English choughe, choȝe, coo, cheo, from Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”) and ċeahhe (“a daw”), both from Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”).\nCognate with Scots kae (“jackdaw”), West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”), Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”), Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chough (plural choughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1521, John Skelton, Speke Parott",
"text": "For parot is no churlish Chowgh, nor no flekyd pye\nParrot is no pendugum, that men call a carlyng\nParrot is no woodecocke, nor no butterfly\nParrot is no stameryng stare, yᵗ men call a starlyng\nBut Parot is my owne dere harte, & my dere derlĩg",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia."
],
"id": "en-chough-en-noun-MYMRZrr5",
"links": [
[
"Pyrrhocorax",
"Pyrrhocorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Corvidae",
"Corvidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "choya"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "chova"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "cuerva"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "červenokraka garga",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "червенокрака гарга"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鴉"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyā",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鸦"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chogha"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palores"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kavče"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "pirokorako"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alppivaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "crave"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "choia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bergkrähe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "csóka"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cág cosdearg"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gracchio"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajûmerre",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "قاژوومەڕە"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wrończyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klúšica",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клу́шица"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chova"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"for the genus"
],
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common",
"name",
"plural"
],
"word": "alpkråkor"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpkaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alpkråka"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân Gernyw"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân goesgoch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvoid birds",
"orig": "en:Corvoid birds",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands."
],
"id": "en-chough-en-noun-uMVZK3gI",
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Corcorax",
"Corcorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
],
[
"Corcoracidae",
"Corcoracidae#Translingual"
],
[
"woodland",
"woodland"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hermit-crow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"word": "mutavaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skałowron"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "chuff"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-chough.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga/En-uk-chough.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chough"
],
"word": "chough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:Corvoid birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpine chough"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "red-billed chough"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Corcorax melanorhamphos",
"word": "white-winged chough"
},
{
"word": "yellow-billed chough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "choughe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choughe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choȝe"
},
"expansion": "choȝe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "coo"
},
"expansion": "coo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheo"
},
"expansion": "cheo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēo",
"4": "",
"5": "a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeahhe",
"3": "",
"4": "a daw"
},
"expansion": "ċeahhe (“a daw”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kahu",
"4": "",
"5": "jackdaw, crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to crow, caw, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kae",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots kae (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ka",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw, daw, chough"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaja",
"3": "",
"4": "jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English choughe, choȝe, coo, cheo, from Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”) and ċeahhe (“a daw”), both from Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”).\nCognate with Scots kae (“jackdaw”), West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”), Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”), Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chough (plural choughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1521, John Skelton, Speke Parott",
"text": "For parot is no churlish Chowgh, nor no flekyd pye\nParrot is no pendugum, that men call a carlyng\nParrot is no woodecocke, nor no butterfly\nParrot is no stameryng stare, yᵗ men call a starlyng\nBut Parot is my owne dere harte, & my dere derlĩg",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia."
],
"links": [
[
"Pyrrhocorax",
"Pyrrhocorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Corvidae",
"Corvidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands."
],
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Corcorax",
"Corcorax#Translingual"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia"
],
[
"Corcoracidae",
"Corcoracidae#Translingual"
],
[
"woodland",
"woodland"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hermit-crow"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"homophone": "chuff"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-chough.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga/En-uk-chough.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-uk-chough.oga"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "choya"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "chova"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "cuerva"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "červenokraka garga",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "червенокрака гарга"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鴉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyā",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "山鸦"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chogha"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palores"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kavče"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "pirokorako"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alppivaris"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "crave"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "choia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bergkrähe"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "csóka"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cág cosdearg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gracchio"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajûmerre",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "قاژوومەڕە"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wrończyk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klúšica",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клу́шица"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chova"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"for the genus"
],
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common",
"name",
"plural"
],
"word": "alpkråkor"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax graculus",
"word": "alpkaja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"taxonomic": "Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax",
"word": "alpkråka"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân Gernyw"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird of Pyrrhocorax",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân goesgoch"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"word": "mutavaris"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "white-winged chough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skałowron"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chough"
],
"word": "chough"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.