"catastrophism" meaning in English

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  "etymology_text": "From catastrophe + -ism, coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1837.",
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    {
      "form": "catastrophisms",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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      "word": "catastrophist"
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          "word": "uniformitarianism"
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          "name": "Geology",
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            "Earth sciences",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "id": "en-catastrophism-en-noun-OQmjlMga",
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
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        [
          "catastrophe",
          "catastrophe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology) The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
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        "uncountable"
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        "geography",
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      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
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          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ],
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          "flora",
          "flora"
        ],
        [
          "fauna",
          "fauna"
        ],
        [
          "die-off",
          "die-off"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, René Mauricio Barría, Cohort Studies in Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 55:",
          "text": "A therapeutic programme based on pain education showed significant improvements regarding pain intensity, disability, catastrophism, depression, anxiety and health, with few positive results on anguish and cognition.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
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          "ref": "2020, Carmen Ramírez-Maestre, Madelon Peters, John Andrew Sturgeon, Rocio de la Vega, Resilience Resources in Chronic Pain Patients The Path to Adaptation, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 29:",
          "text": "However, we did not obtain significant relationships with pain catastrophizing. […] On the contrary, catastrophism is measured in a general context, with no motivational context, and without related situations where goals can compete.",
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        "The practice or tendency of catastrophizing, regarding bad things as catastrophic."
      ],
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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    {
      "word": "catastrophist"
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        "The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
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        [
          "catastrophe",
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        "(geology) The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
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      ]
    },
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      ],
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        "The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
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          "biology",
          "biology"
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          "evolution",
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          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ],
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          "flora",
          "flora"
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          "fauna",
          "fauna"
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          "die-off",
          "die-off"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism"
        ]
      ],
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        "(biology) The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
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        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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          "type": "quote"
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        {
          "ref": "2020, Carmen Ramírez-Maestre, Madelon Peters, John Andrew Sturgeon, Rocio de la Vega, Resilience Resources in Chronic Pain Patients The Path to Adaptation, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 29:",
          "text": "However, we did not obtain significant relationships with pain catastrophizing. […] On the contrary, catastrophism is measured in a general context, with no motivational context, and without related situations where goals can compete.",
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        "The practice or tendency of catastrophizing, regarding bad things as catastrophic."
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