"catastrophism" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "anastrophism"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "neocatastrophism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "catastrophe",
        "3": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "catastrophe + -ism",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "William Whewell",
        "in": "1837",
        "nat": "English",
        "nocap": "1",
        "occ": "polymath"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1837",
      "name": "coin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From catastrophe + -ism, coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1837.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "catastrophisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "catastrophism (countable and uncountable, plural catastrophisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "catastrophist"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "uniformitarianism"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Geology",
          "orig": "en:Geology",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "id": "en-catastrophism-en-noun-OQmjlMga",
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophe",
          "catastrophe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology) The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 53 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 55 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
      "id": "en-catastrophism-en-noun-anJ-0niR",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "evolution",
          "evolution"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ],
        [
          "flora",
          "flora"
        ],
        [
          "fauna",
          "fauna"
        ],
        [
          "die-off",
          "die-off"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, René Mauricio Barría, Cohort Studies in Health Sciences, page 55",
          "text": "A therapeutic programme based on pain education showed significant improvements regarding pain intensity, disability, catastrophism, depression, anxiety and health, with few positive results on anguish and cognition.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Carmen Ramírez-Maestre, Madelon Peters, John Andrew Sturgeon, Rocio de la Vega, Resilience Resources in Chronic Pain Patients The Path to Adaptation, Frontiers Media SA, page 29",
          "text": "However, we did not obtain significant relationships with pain catastrophizing. […] On the contrary, catastrophism is measured in a general context, with no motivational context, and without related situations where goals can compete.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The practice or tendency of catastrophizing, regarding bad things as catastrophic."
      ],
      "id": "en-catastrophism-en-noun-OYvhYDQJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "catastrophizing",
          "catastrophize"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "catastrophism"
  ],
  "word": "catastrophism"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English coinages",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms coined by William Whewell",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "anastrophism"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "neocatastrophism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "catastrophe",
        "3": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "catastrophe + -ism",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "William Whewell",
        "in": "1837",
        "nat": "English",
        "nocap": "1",
        "occ": "polymath"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1837",
      "name": "coin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From catastrophe + -ism, coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1837.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "catastrophisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "catastrophism (countable and uncountable, plural catastrophisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "catastrophist"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "uniformitarianism"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "en:Geology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophe",
          "catastrophe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology) The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "evolution",
          "evolution"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ],
        [
          "flora",
          "flora"
        ],
        [
          "fauna",
          "fauna"
        ],
        [
          "die-off",
          "die-off"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) The doctrine that, in addition to the more gradual effects of evolution, huge catastrophic events shape the earth's flora and fauna by causing major die-offs which make way for the emergence of new organisms."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, René Mauricio Barría, Cohort Studies in Health Sciences, page 55",
          "text": "A therapeutic programme based on pain education showed significant improvements regarding pain intensity, disability, catastrophism, depression, anxiety and health, with few positive results on anguish and cognition.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, Carmen Ramírez-Maestre, Madelon Peters, John Andrew Sturgeon, Rocio de la Vega, Resilience Resources in Chronic Pain Patients The Path to Adaptation, Frontiers Media SA, page 29",
          "text": "However, we did not obtain significant relationships with pain catastrophizing. […] On the contrary, catastrophism is measured in a general context, with no motivational context, and without related situations where goals can compete.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The practice or tendency of catastrophizing, regarding bad things as catastrophic."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "catastrophizing",
          "catastrophize"
        ],
        [
          "catastrophic",
          "catastrophic"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "catastrophism"
  ],
  "word": "catastrophism"
}