See byword in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for byword meaning in English (8.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "byword"
},
"expansion": "Middle English byword",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "byworde",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb"
},
"expansion": "byworde (“proverb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bīword"
},
"expansion": "Old English bīword",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīwyrd"
},
"expansion": "bīwyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīwyrde",
"t": "proverb, household word\", also \"adverb"
},
"expansion": "bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bīwurdī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "by- + word",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "proverbium"
},
"expansion": "Latin proverbium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīwurti",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīspel",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb, example"
},
"expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīcwide",
"3": "",
"4": "byword, proverb, tale, fable"
},
"expansion": "bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijwoord",
"3": "",
"4": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byword (plural bywords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bispel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byspel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase."
],
"id": "en-byword-en-noun-I5rDJSeB",
"links": [
[
"proverb",
"proverb"
],
[
"proverbial",
"proverbial"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pogovórka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "погово́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "géyán",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "格言"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "民諺"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínyàn",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "民谚"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "spreekwoord"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "vanasõna"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proverbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sprichwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "málsháttur"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "máltæki"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "proverbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotowaza",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ことわざ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"alt": "ことわざ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotowaza",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "諺"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sokdam",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "속담"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "pepeha"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "byword"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dito"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pogovórka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "погово́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prítča vo jazýcex",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "при́тча во язы́цех"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pribaútka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прибау́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "refrán"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "proverbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "estribillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ordspråk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ordstäv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group."
],
"id": "en-byword-en-noun-d45ZQj26"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
"text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits."
],
"id": "en-byword-en-noun-o4jk3SID",
"links": [
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"metonymically",
"metonymy"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "spotnaam"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "isiksus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "mūrau"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "olicetvorenije",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "олицетворение"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 20 22 28 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray",
"text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision."
],
"id": "en-byword-en-noun-~sn1cHSJ",
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"notoriety",
"notoriety"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"scorn",
"scorn"
],
[
"derision",
"derision"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A nickname or epithet."
],
"id": "en-byword-en-noun-8~fiLQLj",
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "byword"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms prefixed with by-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "byword"
},
"expansion": "Middle English byword",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "byworde",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb"
},
"expansion": "byworde (“proverb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bīword"
},
"expansion": "Old English bīword",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīwyrd"
},
"expansion": "bīwyrd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīwyrde",
"t": "proverb, household word\", also \"adverb"
},
"expansion": "bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bīwurdī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "by- + word",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "proverbium"
},
"expansion": "Latin proverbium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pīwurti",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīspel",
"3": "",
"4": "proverb, example"
},
"expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bīcwide",
"3": "",
"4": "byword, proverb, tale, fable"
},
"expansion": "bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijwoord",
"3": "",
"4": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byword (plural bywords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bispel"
},
{
"word": "byspel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase."
],
"links": [
[
"proverb",
"proverb"
],
[
"proverbial",
"proverbial"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
"text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits."
],
"links": [
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"metonymically",
"metonymy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray",
"text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision."
],
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"notoriety",
"notoriety"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"scorn",
"scorn"
],
[
"derision",
"derision"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A nickname or epithet."
],
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pogovórka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "погово́рка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "géyán",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "格言"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "民諺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínyàn",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "民谚"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "spreekwoord"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "vanasõna"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proverbe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sprichwort"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "málsháttur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "máltæki"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "proverbio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotowaza",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ことわざ"
},
{
"alt": "ことわざ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotowaza",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "諺"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sokdam",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "속담"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "pepeha"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "byword"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dito"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pogovórka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "погово́рка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prítča vo jazýcex",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "при́тча во язы́цех"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pribaútka",
"sense": "a proverb",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прибау́тка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "refrán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "proverbio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "estribillo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ordspråk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a proverb",
"word": "ordstäv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "spotnaam"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "isiksus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"word": "mūrau"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "olicetvorenije",
"sense": "someone who stands for something else",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "олицетворение"
}
],
"word": "byword"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.