"byword" meaning in All languages combined

See byword on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/ [UK], /ˈbaɪ.wɚd/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav [UK] Forms: bywords [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word", also "adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|byword}} Middle English byword, {{m|enm|byworde||proverb}} byworde (“proverb”), {{der|en|ang|bīword}} Old English bīword, {{m|ang|bīwyrd}} bīwyrd, {{m|ang|bīwyrde|t=proverb, household word", also "adverb}} bīwyrde (“proverb, household word", also "adverb”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*bīwurdī}} Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, {{pre|en|by|word}} by- + word, {{cog|la|proverbium}} Latin proverbium, {{cog|goh|pīwurti||proverb}} Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”), {{cog|ang|bīspel||proverb, example}} Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), {{m|ang|bīcwide||byword, proverb, tale, fable}} bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), {{cog|nl|bijwoord||adverb}} Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} byword (plural bywords)
  1. A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase. Translations (a proverb): погово́рка (pogovórka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 格言 (géyán) (Chinese Mandarin), 民諺 (Chinese Mandarin), 民谚 (mínyàn) (Chinese Mandarin), spreekwoord (Dutch), vanasõna (Estonian), proverbe [masculine] (French), Sprichwort [neuter] (German), málsháttur (Icelandic), máltæki (Icelandic), proverbio (Italian), ことわざ (kotowaza) (Japanese), (kotowaza) (alt: ことわざ) (Japanese), 속담 (sokdam) (Korean), pepeha (Maori), byword (Middle English), dito [masculine] (Portuguese), погово́рка (pogovórka) [feminine] (Russian), при́тча во язы́цех (prítča vo jazýcex) [feminine] (Russian), прибау́тка (pribaútka) [feminine] (Russian), refrán (Spanish), proverbio (Spanish), estribillo (Spanish), ordspråk (Swedish), ordstäv (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-byword-en-noun-I5rDJSeB Categories (other): English terms prefixed with by- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with by-: 25 22 21 15 17 Disambiguation of 'a proverb': 81 7 3 3 6
  2. A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group.
    Sense id: en-byword-en-noun-d45ZQj26 Categories (other): English terms prefixed with by- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with by-: 25 22 21 15 17
  3. Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits. Translations (someone who stands for something else): spotnaam (Dutch), isiksus (Estonian), mūrau (Maori), олицетворение (olicetvorenije) [neuter] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-byword-en-noun-o4jk3SID Categories (other): English terms prefixed with by- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with by-: 25 22 21 15 17 Disambiguation of 'someone who stands for something else': 12 20 36 20 12
  4. An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision.
    Sense id: en-byword-en-noun-~sn1cHSJ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with by- Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 20 22 28 11 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with by-: 25 22 21 15 17
  5. A nickname or epithet.
    Sense id: en-byword-en-noun-8~fiLQLj Categories (other): English terms prefixed with by- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with by-: 25 22 21 15 17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bispel, byspel

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈbiːˌwurd/, /ˈbiːˌwoːrd/
Etymology: From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|bīword}} Old English bīword, {{m|ang|bīwyrde}} bīwyrde, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*bīwurdī}} Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, {{af|enm|by-|word}} by- + word Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} byword
  1. byword Categories (topical): Talking Synonyms: biword, biworde, bywoorde, by-word, byworde

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for byword meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "byword"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English byword",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "byworde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb"
      },
      "expansion": "byworde (“proverb”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bīword"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bīword",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīwyrd"
      },
      "expansion": "bīwyrd",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīwyrde",
        "t": "proverb, household word\", also \"adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bīwurdī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "by",
        "3": "word"
      },
      "expansion": "by- + word",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "proverbium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin proverbium",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "pīwurti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
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        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīspel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb, example"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīcwide",
        "3": "",
        "4": "byword, proverb, tale, fable"
      },
      "expansion": "bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bijwoord",
        "3": "",
        "4": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "bywords",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "byword (plural bywords)",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bispel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byspel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase."
      ],
      "id": "en-byword-en-noun-I5rDJSeB",
      "links": [
        [
          "proverb",
          "proverb"
        ],
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          "proverbial",
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          "saying",
          "saying"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pogovórka",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "погово́рка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "géyán",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "格言"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "民諺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mínyàn",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "民谚"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "spreekwoord"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "vanasõna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "proverbe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Sprichwort"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "málsháttur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "máltæki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "proverbio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kotowaza",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "ことわざ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "alt": "ことわざ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kotowaza",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "諺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sokdam",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "속담"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "pepeha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "byword"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pogovórka",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "погово́рка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prítča vo jazýcex",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "при́тча во язы́цех"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pribaútka",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "прибау́тка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "refrán"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "proverbio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "estribillo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "ordspråk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 7 3 3 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a proverb",
          "word": "ordstäv"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group."
      ],
      "id": "en-byword-en-noun-d45ZQj26"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
          "text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits."
      ],
      "id": "en-byword-en-noun-o4jk3SID",
      "links": [
        [
          "example",
          "example"
        ],
        [
          "metonymically",
          "metonymy"
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      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
          "word": "spotnaam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
          "word": "isiksus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
          "word": "mūrau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 20 36 20 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "olicetvorenije",
          "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "олицетворение"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 20 22 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray",
          "text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision."
      ],
      "id": "en-byword-en-noun-~sn1cHSJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ],
        [
          "notoriety",
          "notoriety"
        ],
        [
          "contempt",
          "contempt"
        ],
        [
          "scorn",
          "scorn"
        ],
        [
          "derision",
          "derision"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 21 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A nickname or epithet."
      ],
      "id": "en-byword-en-noun-8~fiLQLj",
      "links": [
        [
          "nickname",
          "nickname"
        ],
        [
          "epithet",
          "epithet"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "byword"
}

{
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            "2": "byword"
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          "expansion": "English: byword",
          "name": "desc"
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      ],
      "text": "English: byword"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "3": "bīword"
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      "expansion": "Old English bīword",
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "bīwyrde"
      },
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      "name": "m"
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    {
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        "1": "enm",
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      "name": "inh"
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    {
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        "2": "by-",
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      "expansion": "by- + word",
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word.",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms prefixed with by-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "enm:Talking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "byword"
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      "id": "en-byword-enm-noun-Xh7nuLX6",
      "links": [
        [
          "byword",
          "byword#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "biword"
        },
        {
          "word": "biworde"
        },
        {
          "word": "bywoorde"
        },
        {
          "word": "by-word"
        },
        {
          "word": "byworde"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwurd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwoːrd/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "byword"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms prefixed with by-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "byword"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English byword",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "byworde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb"
      },
      "expansion": "byworde (“proverb”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bīword"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bīword",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīwyrd"
      },
      "expansion": "bīwyrd",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīwyrde",
        "t": "proverb, household word\", also \"adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bīwurdī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "by",
        "3": "word"
      },
      "expansion": "by- + word",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "proverbium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin proverbium",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "pīwurti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīspel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "proverb, example"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīcwide",
        "3": "",
        "4": "byword, proverb, tale, fable"
      },
      "expansion": "bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "bijwoord",
        "3": "",
        "4": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English byword, byworde (“proverb”), from Old English bīword, bīwyrd, bīwyrde (“proverb, household word\", also \"adverb”), from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī, equivalent to by- + word. Compare Latin proverbium, which byword may possibly be a translation of. Cognate with Old High German pīwurti (“proverb”). Compare also Old English bīspel (“proverb, example”), bīcwide (“byword, proverb, tale, fable”), Dutch bijwoord (“adverb”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bywords",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "byword (plural bywords)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bispel"
    },
    {
      "word": "byspel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "proverb",
          "proverb"
        ],
        [
          "proverbial",
          "proverbial"
        ],
        [
          "saying",
          "saying"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A characteristic word or expression; a word or phrase associated with a person or group."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
          "text": "Illustrious unfortunates attract a wider sympathy, not because their griefs are more intense, but because, being set on lofty pedestals, they the better serve mankind as instances and bywords of calamity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone or something that stands as an example (i.e. metonymically) for something else, by having some of that something's characteristic traits."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "example",
          "example"
        ],
        [
          "metonymically",
          "metonymy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray",
          "text": "\"I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An object of notoriety or contempt, scorn or derision."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ],
        [
          "notoriety",
          "notoriety"
        ],
        [
          "contempt",
          "contempt"
        ],
        [
          "scorn",
          "scorn"
        ],
        [
          "derision",
          "derision"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A nickname or epithet."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nickname",
          "nickname"
        ],
        [
          "epithet",
          "epithet"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbaɪ.wɚd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vanderdecken-byword.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vanderdecken-byword.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pogovórka",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "погово́рка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "géyán",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "格言"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "民諺"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mínyàn",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "民谚"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "spreekwoord"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "vanasõna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "proverbe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Sprichwort"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "málsháttur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "máltæki"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "proverbio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kotowaza",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "ことわざ"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ことわざ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kotowaza",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "諺"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sokdam",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "속담"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "pepeha"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "byword"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dito"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pogovórka",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "погово́рка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prítča vo jazýcex",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "при́тча во язы́цех"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pribaútka",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "прибау́тка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "refrán"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "proverbio"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "estribillo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "ordspråk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a proverb",
      "word": "ordstäv"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
      "word": "spotnaam"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
      "word": "isiksus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
      "word": "mūrau"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "olicetvorenije",
      "sense": "someone who stands for something else",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "олицетворение"
    }
  ],
  "word": "byword"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "byword"
          },
          "expansion": "English: byword",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: byword"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bīword"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bīword",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "bīwyrde"
      },
      "expansion": "bīwyrde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bīwurdī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "by-",
        "3": "word"
      },
      "expansion": "by- + word",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "byword",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English nouns",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms prefixed with by-",
        "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "enm:Talking"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "byword"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "byword",
          "byword#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwurd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbiːˌwoːrd/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "biword"
    },
    {
      "word": "biworde"
    },
    {
      "word": "bywoorde"
    },
    {
      "word": "by-word"
    },
    {
      "word": "byworde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "byword"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.