See burgher in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antiburgher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burgherdom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burgherhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burgherly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burghermaster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burghership"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "burger"
},
"expansion": "Middle English burger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgh",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "inhabitant",
"t2": "inhabitant of"
},
"expansion": "burgh + -er (“inhabitant of”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "burgher"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch burgher",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "burger"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German burger",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "burgāri",
"t": "inhabitant of a fortress"
},
"expansion": "Old High German burgāri (“inhabitant of a fortress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "fortified elevation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "burgwaras",
"t": "inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens"
},
"expansion": "Old English burgwaras (“inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "purger"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian purger",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English burger, burgher, burghere, equivalent to burgh + -er (“inhabitant of”). Likely merged with and reinforced by Middle Dutch burgher (Modern Dutch: burger); from Middle High German burger (Modern German: Bürger); from Old High German burgāri (“inhabitant of a fortress”); derivative of burg (“fortress, citadel”), from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).\nCompare also Old English burgwaras (“inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens”) and Serbo-Croatian purger. More at borough.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burghers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "burgher (plural burghers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burgess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burgomaster"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (inhabitant)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 38 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.",
"A member of the medieval mercantile class."
],
"id": "en-burgher-en-noun-rOeEP1od",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"mercantile",
"mercantile"
],
[
"class",
"class"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (inhabitant)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 44 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 48 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 38 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 57 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 53 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 55 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 55 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 57 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 51 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 45 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 57 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 52 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 53 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.",
"A citizen of a medieval city."
],
"id": "en-burgher-en-noun-oQvN6~-9",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (inhabitant)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 39 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 38 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prosperous member of the community; a middle class citizen (may connote complacency)."
],
"id": "en-burgher-en-noun-oryof3sU",
"links": [
[
"prosperous",
"prosperous"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"connote",
"connote"
],
[
"complacency",
"complacency"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 0 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 0 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 0 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 0 90",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "burżuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 0 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"word": "burjuva"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "burger"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burger"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťan"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "měšťanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "burĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "kaupunkilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "citadin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citadine"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bürger"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürgerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "cittadino"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cittadina"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "meštanin",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мештанин"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "meštanka",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мештанка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszczanin"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszczanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorožánin",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "горожа́нин"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorožánka",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горожа́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mešťan"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mešťanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 43 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "şehirli"
}
],
"word": "burgher"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms derived from Old High German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (inhabitant)",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antiburgher"
},
{
"word": "burgherdom"
},
{
"word": "burgherhood"
},
{
"word": "burgherly"
},
{
"word": "burghermaster"
},
{
"word": "burghership"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "burger"
},
"expansion": "Middle English burger",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgh",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "inhabitant",
"t2": "inhabitant of"
},
"expansion": "burgh + -er (“inhabitant of”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "burgher"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch burgher",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "burger"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German burger",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "burgāri",
"t": "inhabitant of a fortress"
},
"expansion": "Old High German burgāri (“inhabitant of a fortress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "fortified elevation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "burgwaras",
"t": "inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens"
},
"expansion": "Old English burgwaras (“inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "purger"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian purger",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English burger, burgher, burghere, equivalent to burgh + -er (“inhabitant of”). Likely merged with and reinforced by Middle Dutch burgher (Modern Dutch: burger); from Middle High German burger (Modern German: Bürger); from Old High German burgāri (“inhabitant of a fortress”); derivative of burg (“fortress, citadel”), from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).\nCompare also Old English burgwaras (“inhabitants of a burg, burghers, citizens”) and Serbo-Croatian purger. More at borough.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burghers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "burgher (plural burghers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"word": "burgess"
},
{
"word": "burgomaster"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.",
"A member of the medieval mercantile class."
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"mercantile",
"mercantile"
],
[
"class",
"class"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.",
"A citizen of a medieval city."
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A prosperous member of the community; a middle class citizen (may connote complacency)."
],
"links": [
[
"prosperous",
"prosperous"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"connote",
"connote"
],
[
"complacency",
"complacency"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "burger"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burger"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťan"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "měšťanka"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "burĝo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "kaupunkilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "citadin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citadine"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bürger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürgerin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "cittadino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cittadina"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "meštanin",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мештанин"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "meštanka",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мештанка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszczanin"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszczanka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorožánin",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "горожа́нин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorožánka",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горожа́нка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mešťan"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mešťanka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "citizen of a borough or town",
"word": "şehirli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "burżuj"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prosperous member of the community",
"word": "burjuva"
}
],
"word": "burgher"
}
Download raw JSONL data for burgher meaning in English (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.