"brumous" meaning in English

See brumous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈbɹuːməs/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbɹuməs/ [General-American], /ˈbɹə-/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brumous.wav Forms: more brumous [comparative], most brumous [superlative]
Etymology: From brume + -ous, probably modelled after French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), from Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”) + -ōsus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*mreǵʰ-}}, {{suffix|en|brume|ous}} brume + -ous, {{der|en|fr|brumeux|t=foggy, hazy, misty}} French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), {{der|en|LL.|brūmōsus|t=wintry}} Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), {{der|en|la|brūma|t=winter solstice; winter; winter cold}} Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”), {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{glossary|superlative}} superlative, {{der|en|ine-pro|*mréǵʰus|t=brief, short}} Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} brumous (comparative more brumous, superlative most brumous)
  1. (literary) Foggy or misty; wintry. Tags: literary Categories (topical): Fog, Weather, Winter Derived forms: brumously Related terms: brume, brumal, brumate Translations (foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty): влажен (vlažen) (Bulgarian), мъглив (mǎgliv) (Bulgarian), brumeux (French), neblig (German), brumoso (Spanish)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mreǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brume",
        "3": "ous"
      },
      "expansion": "brume + -ous",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "brumeux",
        "t": "foggy, hazy, misty"
      },
      "expansion": "French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "brūmōsus",
        "t": "wintry"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "brūma",
        "t": "winter solstice; winter; winter cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "superlative",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mréǵʰus",
        "t": "brief, short"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From brume + -ous, probably modelled after French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), from Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”) + -ōsus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more brumous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most brumous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brumous (comparative more brumous, superlative most brumous)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "brum‧ous"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Fog",
          "orig": "en:Fog",
          "parents": [
            "Water",
            "Weather",
            "Liquids",
            "Atmosphere",
            "Matter",
            "Nature",
            "Chemistry",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "en:Weather",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Winter",
          "orig": "en:Winter",
          "parents": [
            "Seasons",
            "Nature",
            "Periodic occurrences",
            "All topics",
            "Time",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "brumously"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “A Little Innocent”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 233:",
          "text": "The blond misses of Albion see nothing in the dull inhabitants of their brumous isle, which can compare with the ardour and vivacity of the children of the South. We bring our sunshine with us; we are Frenchmen, and accustomed to conquer.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866 October, “Essays at Odd Times”, in David Masson, editor, Macmillan’s Magazine, volume XIV, number 84, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, section XIV (Of a Fox Covert), page 476, column 2:",
          "text": "One of the greatest charms of fox-hunting undoubtedly is, that it disposes of all the dirty weather which goes to make up three-fourths of an English winter. Wet, and drizzle, and muggy fog (the characteristics of our brumous and insular climate, according to numerous French authorities), are the capital on which it trades. To the hunting man a rainy morning in winter […] means sport, and society, and enjoyment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869 December, “Nebulæ”, in The Galaxy. An Illustrated Magazine of Entertaining Reading, volume VIII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Company […], →OCLC, page 861, column 1:",
          "text": "The Golden Gate was hardly to be seen at all, except on very favorable days, for the thick veil of ocean mist which hung over it. The whole scene was dull, sombre, brumous, depressing.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1872 July, Richard A[nthony] Proctor, “A Giant Planet”, in E[dward] L[ivingston] Youmans, editor, The Popular Science Monthly, volume I, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC, page 293:",
          "text": "Let us compare these observations made in our brumous latitudes with those effected by Father [Angelo] Secchi with the fine equatorial of the Roman Observatory.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur or The Prince of Darkness: A Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; republished in The Avignon Quintet: Monsieur, Livia, Constance, Sebastian, Quinx, London: Faber and Faber, 1992, →ISBN, page 23:",
          "text": "She worked under the great tapestry with its glowing but subdued tones—huntsmen with lofted horns had been running down a female stag. After the rape, leaving the grooms to bring the trophy home, they galloped away into the soft brumous Italian skyline; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Foggy or misty; wintry."
      ],
      "id": "en-brumous-en-adj-cGzpELU2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Foggy",
          "foggy"
        ],
        [
          "misty",
          "misty"
        ],
        [
          "wintry",
          "wintry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) Foggy or misty; wintry."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "brume"
        },
        {
          "word": "brumal"
        },
        {
          "word": "brumate"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vlažen",
          "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
          "word": "влажен"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mǎgliv",
          "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
          "word": "мъглив"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
          "word": "brumeux"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
          "word": "neblig"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
          "word": "brumoso"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹuːməs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brumous.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹuməs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "brumous"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "brumously"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mreǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brume",
        "3": "ous"
      },
      "expansion": "brume + -ous",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "brumeux",
        "t": "foggy, hazy, misty"
      },
      "expansion": "French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "brūmōsus",
        "t": "wintry"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "brūma",
        "t": "winter solstice; winter; winter cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "superlative",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mréǵʰus",
        "t": "brief, short"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From brume + -ous, probably modelled after French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), from Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”) + -ōsus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more brumous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most brumous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brumous (comparative more brumous, superlative most brumous)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "brum‧ous"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "brume"
    },
    {
      "word": "brumal"
    },
    {
      "word": "brumate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English adjectives",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English literary terms",
        "English terms derived from French",
        "English terms derived from Late Latin",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mreǵʰ-",
        "English terms suffixed with -ous",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "en:Fog",
        "en:Weather",
        "en:Winter"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “A Little Innocent”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 233:",
          "text": "The blond misses of Albion see nothing in the dull inhabitants of their brumous isle, which can compare with the ardour and vivacity of the children of the South. We bring our sunshine with us; we are Frenchmen, and accustomed to conquer.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866 October, “Essays at Odd Times”, in David Masson, editor, Macmillan’s Magazine, volume XIV, number 84, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, section XIV (Of a Fox Covert), page 476, column 2:",
          "text": "One of the greatest charms of fox-hunting undoubtedly is, that it disposes of all the dirty weather which goes to make up three-fourths of an English winter. Wet, and drizzle, and muggy fog (the characteristics of our brumous and insular climate, according to numerous French authorities), are the capital on which it trades. To the hunting man a rainy morning in winter […] means sport, and society, and enjoyment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869 December, “Nebulæ”, in The Galaxy. An Illustrated Magazine of Entertaining Reading, volume VIII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Company […], →OCLC, page 861, column 1:",
          "text": "The Golden Gate was hardly to be seen at all, except on very favorable days, for the thick veil of ocean mist which hung over it. The whole scene was dull, sombre, brumous, depressing.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1872 July, Richard A[nthony] Proctor, “A Giant Planet”, in E[dward] L[ivingston] Youmans, editor, The Popular Science Monthly, volume I, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC, page 293:",
          "text": "Let us compare these observations made in our brumous latitudes with those effected by Father [Angelo] Secchi with the fine equatorial of the Roman Observatory.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur or The Prince of Darkness: A Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; republished in The Avignon Quintet: Monsieur, Livia, Constance, Sebastian, Quinx, London: Faber and Faber, 1992, →ISBN, page 23:",
          "text": "She worked under the great tapestry with its glowing but subdued tones—huntsmen with lofted horns had been running down a female stag. After the rape, leaving the grooms to bring the trophy home, they galloped away into the soft brumous Italian skyline; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Foggy or misty; wintry."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Foggy",
          "foggy"
        ],
        [
          "misty",
          "misty"
        ],
        [
          "wintry",
          "wintry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) Foggy or misty; wintry."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹuːməs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brumous.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brumous.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹuməs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vlažen",
      "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
      "word": "влажен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mǎgliv",
      "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
      "word": "мъглив"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
      "word": "brumeux"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
      "word": "neblig"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "foggy or misty — see also foggy, misty",
      "word": "brumoso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brumous"
}

Download raw JSONL data for brumous meaning in English (6.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.