See brume in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*mreǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mreǵʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_short"
],
[
"*-us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-us#Proto-Indo-European:_Caland_system"
],
[
"*mréǵʰus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus#Proto-Indo-European:_short"
],
[
"*breɣʷis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/breɣʷis"
],
[
"brevis",
"brevis#Latin"
],
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#Old_French"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#French"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#French"
],
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
],
[
"brevima",
"brevima#Latin"
],
[
"brevissima",
"brevissima#Latin"
],
[
"brevis",
"brevis#Latin"
],
[
"*mréǵʰus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:brume",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brūma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"brume\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "brume"
},
"expansion": "French brume",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "brūma",
"4": "",
"5": "winter solstice; winter; winter cold"
},
"expansion": "Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "superlative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus",
"4": "",
"5": "brief, short"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\nBorrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "brume (countable and uncountable, plural brumes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fog",
"orig": "en:Fog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:",
"text": "For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
59
]
],
"ref": "1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch, page 77:",
"text": "All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"id": "en-brume-en-noun-8vFcjPTw",
"links": [
[
"Mist",
"mist"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "brumous"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "brumate"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"literary",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯m/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brume.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"homophone": "broom"
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*mreǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mreǵʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_short"
],
[
"*-us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-us#Proto-Indo-European:_Caland_system"
],
[
"*mréǵʰus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus#Proto-Indo-European:_short"
],
[
"*breɣʷis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/breɣʷis"
],
[
"brevis",
"brevis#Latin"
],
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#Old_French"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#French"
],
[
"brume",
"brume#French"
],
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
],
[
"brevima",
"brevima#Latin"
],
[
"brevissima",
"brevissima#Latin"
],
[
"brevis",
"brevis#Latin"
],
[
"*mréǵʰus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:brume",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brūma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"brume\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"brume\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "brume"
},
"expansion": "French brume",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "brūma",
"4": "",
"5": "winter solstice; winter; winter cold"
},
"expansion": "Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "superlative"
},
"expansion": "superlative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus",
"4": "",
"5": "brief, short"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\nBorrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "brume (countable and uncountable, plural brumes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "brumous"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "brumate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mreǵʰ-",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"en:Fog"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:",
"text": "For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
59
]
],
"ref": "1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch, page 77:",
"text": "All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"links": [
[
"Mist",
"mist"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Mist, fog, vapour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"literary",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯m/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-brume.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-brume.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"homophone": "broom"
}
],
"word": "brume"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brume meaning in English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.