See boustrophedon in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "en:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line."
],
"id": "en-boustrophedon-en-adv-nszqF008",
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boustrophedonally"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "en:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"id": "en-boustrophedon-en-adj-g4UcDgZV",
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 62 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 64 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 67 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 70 2 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 50 9 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 60 9 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 62 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 60 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 57 12 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 66 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 59 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 60 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 54 8 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 60 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Changing direction, going back and forth."
],
"id": "en-boustrophedon-en-adj-fQ8NZWnI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Changing direction, going back and forth."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boustrophedons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (countable and uncountable, plural boustrophedons)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "en:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boustrophedic"
},
{
"word": "boustrophedonic"
},
{
"word": "boustrophedonically"
},
{
"word": "reverse boustrophedon"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Leslie Threatte, The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions: Phonology, page 55:",
"text": "The number of Attic boustrophedon texts is fairly small; most of those just cited have been brought down by the experts to a date close to 550 B.C., a date to which several texts of more than one line inscribed left to right may also be assigned (cf. pp.56—57 infra), besides the four-line retrograde sep. mon. of Pediarchus cited in the previous section (cf. p.52 supra). Stone texts only really become numerous in Attica about 550, and by this time it is clear that left-to-right writing is just as common as boustrophedon, and may have been so even earlier.[…]After 540 boustrophedon was certainly unusual.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, page 61:",
"text": "(Venetic apparently had both kinds of boustrophedon, either flipping the face of the characters when switching direction or else inverting them (Lejeune, 1974, pages 180-181).)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Elmer H. Antonsen, Runes and Germanic Linguistics, page 132:",
"text": "He draws a sharp distinction between true boustrophedon, which has the tops of the runes pointed in the same direction, but with a change in the direction of writing with each line, and false boustrophedon, which changes from upright to inverted runes with each line, but the lines themselves are each written in the same direction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"id": "en-boustrophedon-en-noun-5MFSi2zp",
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "stoichedon"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "buṭrufa",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "بُطْرُفَة"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofèdon"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "plugoskribado"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "tienreena skribo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrofedono"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boustrophédon"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarpalekhan",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "सर्पलेखन"
},
{
"alt": "ぎゅうこうしき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyūkōshiki",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "牛耕式"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofédon"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrófedon"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrofedon"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plogskrift"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "oxplöjarskrift"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Calligraphy"
],
"glosses": [
"In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line."
],
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boustrophedonally"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Calligraphy"
],
"glosses": [
"Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Changing direction, going back and forth."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Changing direction, going back and forth."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boustrophedic"
},
{
"word": "boustrophedonic"
},
{
"word": "boustrophedonically"
},
{
"word": "reverse boustrophedon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν",
"lit": "turning like an ox"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς",
"3": "στροφή",
"4": "-ηδόν",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "turning"
},
"expansion": "βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boustrophedons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "boustrophedon (countable and uncountable, plural boustrophedons)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stoichedon"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Calligraphy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Leslie Threatte, The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions: Phonology, page 55:",
"text": "The number of Attic boustrophedon texts is fairly small; most of those just cited have been brought down by the experts to a date close to 550 B.C., a date to which several texts of more than one line inscribed left to right may also be assigned (cf. pp.56—57 infra), besides the four-line retrograde sep. mon. of Pediarchus cited in the previous section (cf. p.52 supra). Stone texts only really become numerous in Attica about 550, and by this time it is clear that left-to-right writing is just as common as boustrophedon, and may have been so even earlier.[…]After 540 boustrophedon was certainly unusual.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, page 61:",
"text": "(Venetic apparently had both kinds of boustrophedon, either flipping the face of the characters when switching direction or else inverting them (Lejeune, 1974, pages 180-181).)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Elmer H. Antonsen, Runes and Germanic Linguistics, page 132:",
"text": "He draws a sharp distinction between true boustrophedon, which has the tops of the runes pointed in the same direction, but with a change in the direction of writing with each line, and false boustrophedon, which changes from upright to inverted runes with each line, but the lines themselves are each written in the same direction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"links": [
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of writing"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-boustrophedon.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bustrophedon"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "buṭrufa",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "بُطْرُفَة"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofèdon"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "plugoskribado"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "tienreena skribo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrofedono"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boustrophédon"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarpalekhan",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "सर्पलेखन"
},
{
"alt": "ぎゅうこうしき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyūkōshiki",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "牛耕式"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bustrofédon"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrófedon"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"word": "bustrofedon"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plogskrift"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "oxplöjarskrift"
}
],
"word": "boustrophedon"
}
Download raw JSONL data for boustrophedon meaning in English (12.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.