See black bile in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "atra bilis",
"4": "ātra bīlis"
},
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"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μελαγχολία"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Latin ātra bīlis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).",
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},
"expansion": "black bile (uncountable)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Fiction:",
"text": "But these various pursuits did not banish all her cares, or carry off all her constitutional black bile.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of all Maladies, Fourth Estate, page 49:",
"text": "The problem with treating cancer surgically, Galen suggested, was that black bile was everywhere, as inevitable and pervasive as any fluid.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the four humours of ancient and mediaeval physiology, that was believed to be secreted by the kidneys and spleen and to cause melancholy and sadness when present in excess."
],
"id": "en-black_bile-en-noun-OUvCv7Ov",
"links": [
[
"humour",
"humour"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"spleen",
"spleen"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) One of the four humours of ancient and mediaeval physiology, that was believed to be secreted by the kidneys and spleen and to cause melancholy and sadness when present in excess."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "melancholy"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawdāʔ",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَوْدَاء"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwarte gal"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "musta sappi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabile"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile noire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mélancolie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schwarze Galle"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lionn dubh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile nera"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collera"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "umor nero"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sevda",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sowdâ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "goš-e siyâh",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "گش سیاه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "czarna żółć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bílis negra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile negra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórnaja želčʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чёрная желчь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bilis negra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabilis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svart galla"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "sevda"
}
]
}
],
"word": "black bile"
}
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"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Latin ātra bīlis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía).",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Fiction:",
"text": "But these various pursuits did not banish all her cares, or carry off all her constitutional black bile.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of all Maladies, Fourth Estate, page 49:",
"text": "The problem with treating cancer surgically, Galen suggested, was that black bile was everywhere, as inevitable and pervasive as any fluid.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the four humours of ancient and mediaeval physiology, that was believed to be secreted by the kidneys and spleen and to cause melancholy and sadness when present in excess."
],
"links": [
[
"humour",
"humour"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"spleen",
"spleen"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) One of the four humours of ancient and mediaeval physiology, that was believed to be secreted by the kidneys and spleen and to cause melancholy and sadness when present in excess."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "melancholy"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawdāʔ",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَوْدَاء"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwarte gal"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "musta sappi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabile"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile noire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mélancolie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schwarze Galle"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lionn dubh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile nera"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collera"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "umor nero"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sevda",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sowdâ",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "goš-e siyâh",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "گش سیاه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "czarna żółć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bílis negra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bile negra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórnaja želčʹ",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чёрная желчь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bilis negra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "atrabilis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svart galla"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "sevda"
}
],
"word": "black bile"
}
Download raw JSONL data for black bile meaning in English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.