See back-formation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "back-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "back-formed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "back-",
"4": "formation",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "From back- + formation.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q960207",
"in": "1888"
},
"expansion": "Coined by British lexicographer and philologist, primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary James Murray in 1888",
"name": "coin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "burglar"
},
"expansion": "Burglar",
"name": "U"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Burglar"
},
"expansion": "Burglar",
"name": "smc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "A back-formation from <span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">Burglar</span>, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">burgulāre</i> of same meaning."
},
"expansion": "[A back-formation from Burglar, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb burgulāre of same meaning.]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“burgle”, in <cite>A New English Dictionary<span class=\"q-hellip-sp\"> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span></cite> (in British English), quoted in <cite>OED</cite>, 1888, page 1186:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"en\">[A back-formation from <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\"><span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">Burglar</span>, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">burgulāre</i> of same meaning.]</span></span>”</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From back- + formation. Coined by British lexicographer and philologist, primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary James Murray in 1888.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "back-formations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "backformation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "back formation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "back-formation (countable and uncountable, plural back-formations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"back-for",
"ma",
"tion"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "disfixation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "66 34",
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"_dis": "68 32",
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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{
"_dis": "57 43",
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{
"_dis": "61 39",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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{
"_dis": "60 40",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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{
"_dis": "59 41",
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},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "60 40",
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"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "64 36",
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{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar."
],
"id": "en-back-formation-en-noun-en:Q989162",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"burgle",
"burgle"
],
[
"agent-noun",
"agent noun"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"burglar",
"burglar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q989162"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ištiqāq ʕaksiyy",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اشْتِقَاق عَكْسِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "subtraktionsdannelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "terugvorming"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "retrodeveno"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "takaperoisjohto"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"note": "dérivation régressive f",
"sense": "linguistic process"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dérivation inverse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rétroformation"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rückbildung"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anadromikós schimatismós",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αναδρομικός σχηματισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "gzira leakhor",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "גְּזִירָה לְאָחוֹר"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "elvonás"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "szóelvonás"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "retroformazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "gyakusei",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "逆成"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tilbakedannelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tilbakedanning"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derywacja wsteczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivação regressiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivare regresivă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obràtnoje slovoobrazovánije",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "обра̀тное словообразова́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naspjetna deriwacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivación regresiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "omvänd ordbildning"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "phái sinh ngược"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ôl-ffurfiad"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"alt": "muštaqqa(t) ʕaksiyyan",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُشْتَقَّة عَكْسِيًّا"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "subtraktionsdannelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"word": "takaperoisjohdos"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"word": "elvonás"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tilbakedannelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tilbakedanning"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "derywat wsteczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naspjetna deriwacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "derivado regresivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 40",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ôl-ffurf"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q989162"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with back-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"text": "Back-formations, such as tambour (for “play the tambourine”), are a staple of comedic wordplay.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word created in this way."
],
"id": "en-back-formation-en-noun-en:word_formed",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A word created in this way."
],
"senseid": [
"en:word formed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "back-form"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "băk′fôr-mā′shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.fɔːˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbak.fɔːˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.foɹˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.foːˈmæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbɛk.foːˈmæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbak.fɔɾˈme.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌba(ː)k.fɔː(ɾ)ˈmeː.ʃon/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"back-formation"
],
"word": "back-formation"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms coined by James Murray",
"English terms prefixed with back-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "back-form"
},
{
"word": "back-formed"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":af",
"3": "back-",
"4": "formation",
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q960207",
"in": "1888"
},
"expansion": "Coined by British lexicographer and philologist, primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary James Murray in 1888",
"name": "coin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "burglar"
},
"expansion": "Burglar",
"name": "U"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Burglar"
},
"expansion": "Burglar",
"name": "smc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "A back-formation from <span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">Burglar</span>, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">burgulāre</i> of same meaning."
},
"expansion": "[A back-formation from Burglar, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb burgulāre of same meaning.]",
"name": "sqbrace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“burgle”, in <cite>A New English Dictionary<span class=\"q-hellip-sp\"> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span></cite> (in British English), quoted in <cite>OED</cite>, 1888, page 1186:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"en\">[A back-formation from <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\"><span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">Burglar</span>, of very recent appearance, though English law-Latin (1354) had a verb <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">burgulāre</i> of same meaning.]</span></span>”</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From back- + formation. Coined by British lexicographer and philologist, primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary James Murray in 1888.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "back-formations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "backformation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "back formation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "back-formation (countable and uncountable, plural back-formations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"back-for",
"ma",
"tion"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "disfixation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"burgle",
"burgle"
],
[
"agent-noun",
"agent noun"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"burglar",
"burglar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q989162"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q989162"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"text": "Back-formations, such as tambour (for “play the tambourine”), are a staple of comedic wordplay.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word created in this way."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A word created in this way."
],
"senseid": [
"en:word formed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "back-form"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "băk′fôr-mā′shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.fɔːˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbak.fɔːˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-back-formation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.foɹˈmeɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbæk.foːˈmæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbɛk.foːˈmæɪ̯.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌbak.fɔɾˈme.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌba(ː)k.fɔː(ɾ)ˈmeː.ʃon/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ištiqāq ʕaksiyy",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اشْتِقَاق عَكْسِيّ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "subtraktionsdannelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "terugvorming"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "retrodeveno"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "takaperoisjohto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"note": "dérivation régressive f",
"sense": "linguistic process"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dérivation inverse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rétroformation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rückbildung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anadromikós schimatismós",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αναδρομικός σχηματισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "gzira leakhor",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "גְּזִירָה לְאָחוֹר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "elvonás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "szóelvonás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "retroformazione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "gyakusei",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "逆成"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tilbakedannelse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tilbakedanning"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derywacja wsteczna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivação regressiva"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivare regresivă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obràtnoje slovoobrazovánije",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "обра̀тное словообразова́ние"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naspjetna deriwacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "derivación regresiva"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "omvänd ordbildning"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"word": "phái sinh ngược"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ôl-ffurfiad"
},
{
"alt": "muštaqqa(t) ʕaksiyyan",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُشْتَقَّة عَكْسِيًّا"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "subtraktionsdannelse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"word": "takaperoisjohdos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"word": "elvonás"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tilbakedannelse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tilbakedanning"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "derywat wsteczny"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naspjetna deriwacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "derivado regresivo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "word formed by this linguistic process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ôl-ffurf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"back-formation"
],
"word": "back-formation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for back-formation meaning in English (11.2kB)
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"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "back-formation",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.