See affirmative action in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for affirmative action meaning in English (7.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "apefirmative action"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "affirmative actions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "-",
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},
"expansion": "affirmative action (usually uncountable, plural affirmative actions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "positive action"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Discrimination",
"orig": "en:Discrimination",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996 November 10, Sam Howe Verhovek, “Vote in California is Motivating Foes of Anti-Bias Plans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Several proponents of affirmative action who were interviewed cited the scandal to dismiss the notion, advanced by some opponents of the policy, that America has moved beyond racial discrimination.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000 May 20, “After Affirmative Action”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "California's decision in 1996 to outlaw the use of race in public college admissions was widely viewed as the beginning of the end for affirmative action at public universities all over the United States. But in the four years since Californians passed Proposition 209, most states have agreed that killing affirmative action outright would deepen social inequality by denying minority citizens access to higher education.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 June 23, Richard Primus, “Affirmative Action in College Admissions, Here to Stay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Justice Ginsburg has long argued that percentage plans are just as race-conscious as traditional affirmative action: They seek to increase enrollment among minorities, and they work because the high schools are segregated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination"
],
"id": "en-affirmative_action-en-noun-e~uGPy~e",
"links": [
[
"policies",
"policy"
],
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
"advantages",
"advantages"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
"discrimination",
"discrimination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "regstellende aksie"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "diskriminazio positibo"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminació positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acció afirmativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "positiv særbehandling"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvotering"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "positieve discriminatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "positiivinen erityiskohtelu"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "positiivinen syrjintä"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discrimination positive"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"feminine"
],
"word": "action positive"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminación positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "positive Diskriminierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thetikí drási",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θετική δράση"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "azione positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminazione positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "positiv særbehandling"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kvotering"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ação afirmativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acțiune afirmativă"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminación positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción afirmativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción positiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "positiv särbehandling"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
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}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Gene A. Lew, Perspectives on Affirmative Action and Its Impact on Asian Pacific Americans",
"text": "The debate on specific affirmative actions has similarly been reduced to mean quotas and preferential treatment of minorities and white women at the expense of white males.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specific policy with such a goal."
],
"id": "en-affirmative_action-en-noun-i~js~Gjw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A specific policy with such a goal."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "positive discrimination"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "reverse discrimination"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affirmative action"
],
"word": "affirmative action"
}
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"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Discrimination"
],
"derived": [
{
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}
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"forms": [
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"form": "affirmative actions",
"tags": [
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]
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996 November 10, Sam Howe Verhovek, “Vote in California is Motivating Foes of Anti-Bias Plans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Several proponents of affirmative action who were interviewed cited the scandal to dismiss the notion, advanced by some opponents of the policy, that America has moved beyond racial discrimination.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000 May 20, “After Affirmative Action”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "California's decision in 1996 to outlaw the use of race in public college admissions was widely viewed as the beginning of the end for affirmative action at public universities all over the United States. But in the four years since Californians passed Proposition 209, most states have agreed that killing affirmative action outright would deepen social inequality by denying minority citizens access to higher education.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 June 23, Richard Primus, “Affirmative Action in College Admissions, Here to Stay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Justice Ginsburg has long argued that percentage plans are just as race-conscious as traditional affirmative action: They seek to increase enrollment among minorities, and they work because the high schools are segregated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination"
],
"links": [
[
"policies",
"policy"
],
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
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"advantages"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
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"discrimination"
]
],
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"(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
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{
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{
"ref": "1995, Gene A. Lew, Perspectives on Affirmative Action and Its Impact on Asian Pacific Americans",
"text": "The debate on specific affirmative actions has similarly been reduced to mean quotas and preferential treatment of minorities and white women at the expense of white males.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specific policy with such a goal."
],
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"(countable) A specific policy with such a goal."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "positive discrimination"
},
{
"word": "reverse discrimination"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "regstellende aksie"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "diskriminazio positibo"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminació positiva"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acció afirmativa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "positiv særbehandling"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvotering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "positieve discriminatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "positiivinen erityiskohtelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"word": "positiivinen syrjintä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discrimination positive"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"feminine"
],
"word": "action positive"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción positiva"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminación positiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "positive Diskriminierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thetikí drási",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θετική δράση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "azione positiva"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminazione positiva"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "positiv særbehandling"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kvotering"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ação afirmativa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acțiune afirmativă"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discriminación positiva"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción afirmativa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acción positiva"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "positiv särbehandling"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of policies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvotering"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affirmative action"
],
"word": "affirmative action"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.