See Swadesh list in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "linguist",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "linguist",
"name": "named-after/list"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Morris Swadesh"
},
"expansion": "Morris Swadesh",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Morris Swadesh",
"nationality": "American",
"occupation": "linguist",
"wplink": "="
},
"expansion": "Named after American linguist Morris Swadesh",
"name": "named-after"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Named after American linguist Morris Swadesh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Swadesh lists",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Swadesh list (plural Swadesh lists)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kazakh terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s."
],
"id": "en-Swadesh_list-en-noun-EZSYjWyU",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "قَائِمَة سواديش"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "斯瓦迪士核心詞列表"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Sīwǎdíshì héxīncí lièbiǎo",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "斯瓦迪士核心词列表"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadeshův seznam"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadesh-luettelo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liste Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceifa Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "svodešis sia",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "სვოდეშის სია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Swadesh-Liste"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Suwadeshu-risuto",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "スワデシュ・リスト"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "Svodeş tızımı",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Сводеш тізімі"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Seuwadesi riseuteu",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "스와데시 리스트"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Cvodešiin žagsaalt",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Cводешийн жагсаалт"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fehrest-e sûvâdeš",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "فهرست سوادش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lista Swadesha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lista de Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spísok Svódeša",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спи́сок Сво́деша"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "lista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "swadeshlista"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "Swadesh-lista"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadesh Listesi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Swadesh list"
]
}
],
"word": "Swadesh list"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "linguist",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "linguist",
"name": "named-after/list"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Morris Swadesh"
},
"expansion": "Morris Swadesh",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Morris Swadesh",
"nationality": "American",
"occupation": "linguist",
"wplink": "="
},
"expansion": "Named after American linguist Morris Swadesh",
"name": "named-after"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Named after American linguist Morris Swadesh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Swadesh lists",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Swadesh list (plural Swadesh lists)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Kazakh terms with redundant script codes",
"Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Swadesh list"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "قَائِمَة سواديش"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "斯瓦迪士核心詞列表"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Sīwǎdíshì héxīncí lièbiǎo",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "斯瓦迪士核心词列表"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadeshův seznam"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadesh-luettelo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liste Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceifa Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "svodešis sia",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "სვოდეშის სია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Swadesh-Liste"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Suwadeshu-risuto",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "スワデシュ・リスト"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "Svodeş tızımı",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Сводеш тізімі"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Seuwadesi riseuteu",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "스와데시 리스트"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Cvodešiin žagsaalt",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Cводешийн жагсаалт"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fehrest-e sûvâdeš",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "فهرست سوادش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lista Swadesha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lista de Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spísok Svódeša",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спи́сок Сво́деша"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "lista Swadesh"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "swadeshlista"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "Swadesh-lista"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lists of vocabulary intended to be available in all languages, so-called \"universals\"",
"word": "Swadesh Listesi"
}
],
"word": "Swadesh list"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Swadesh list meaning in English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.