See Houston in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"derived": [
{
"word": "Houston County"
},
{
"word": "Houstonian"
},
{
"word": "Houston, we have a problem"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Hugh",
"3": "-s-",
"4": "-ton"
},
"expansion": "Hugh + -s- + -ton",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally from a place near Glasgow, from the Middle English equivalent of \"Hugh's town\". Analyzable as Hugh + -s- + -ton",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Houstons",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Houston (countable and uncountable, plural Houstons)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Hous‧ton"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Hoston"
},
{
"word": "Huston"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"A habitational surname."
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English given names",
"English male given names",
"English male given names from surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"A male given name transferred from the surname, of mainly American usage."
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Cities in Texas, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:County seats of Texas, USA",
"en:Houston",
"en:Places in Texas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020, Bryan Washington, Memorial, Atlantic Books (2021), page 254:",
"text": "Spring in Houston is scalding sidewalks and sun-drunk lovebugs. It’s dead grass and midday thunderstorms. It isn’t the beginning or the end of anything, just a prolonged in-between through dead-end traffic on I-45.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"A large city, the county seat of Harris County, Texas, United States, named after Sam Houston."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"county seat",
"county seat"
],
[
"Harris County",
"Harris County#English"
],
[
"Texas",
"Texas#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "official nickname",
"word": "Space City"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Renfrewshire, Scotland",
"en:Places in Scotland",
"en:Villages in Renfrewshire, Scotland",
"en:Villages in Scotland"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"A village in Renfrewshire council area, Scotland."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"Renfrewshire",
"Renfrewshire#English"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in British Columbia",
"en:Places in Canada",
"en:Towns in British Columbia",
"en:Towns in Canada"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"A town in the Bulkley Valley, British Columbia, Canada."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"Bulkley Valley",
"Bulkley Valley#English"
],
[
"British Columbia",
"British Columbia#English"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Alabama, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Alabama, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Winston County, Alabama."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Winston County",
"Winston County#English"
],
[
"Alabama",
"Alabama#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Alaska, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Houston",
"en:Places in Alaska, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A city in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Matanuska-Susitna Borough",
"Matanuska-Susitna Borough#English"
],
[
"Alaska",
"Alaska#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Arkansas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in Arkansas, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A small town in Perry County, Arkansas."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Perry County",
"Perry County#English"
],
[
"Arkansas",
"Arkansas#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Delaware, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in Delaware, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A small town in Kent County, Delaware."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Kent County",
"Kent County#English"
],
[
"Delaware",
"Delaware#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Florida, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Florida, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Suwannee County, Florida."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Suwannee County",
"Suwannee County#English"
],
[
"Florida",
"Florida#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Georgia, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Georgia, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Heard County, Georgia."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Heard County",
"Heard County#English"
],
[
"Georgia",
"Georgia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Illinois, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A township in Adams County, Illinois."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Adams County",
"Adams County#English"
],
[
"Illinois",
"Illinois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Indiana, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Indiana, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Salt Creek Township, Jackson County, Indiana."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Salt Creek",
"Salt Creek#English"
],
[
"Jackson County",
"Jackson County#English"
],
[
"Indiana",
"Indiana#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Minnesota, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Houston",
"en:Places in Minnesota, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A small city and township in Houston County, Minnesota."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Houston County",
"Houston County#English"
],
[
"Minnesota",
"Minnesota#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Mississippi, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:County seats of Mississippi, USA",
"en:Houston",
"en:Places in Mississippi, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A small city in and one of the two county seats of Chickasaw County, Mississippi."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"county seats",
"county seat"
],
[
"Chickasaw County",
"Chickasaw County#English"
],
[
"Mississippi",
"Mississippi#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Missouri, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:County seats of Missouri, USA",
"en:Houston",
"en:Places in Missouri, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A small city, the county seat of Texas County, Missouri."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"county seat",
"county seat"
],
[
"Texas County",
"Texas County#English"
],
[
"Missouri",
"Missouri#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Nebraska, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Nebraska, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in York County, Nebraska."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"York County",
"York County#English"
],
[
"Nebraska",
"Nebraska#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in North Carolina, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in North Carolina, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Union County, North Carolina."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
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"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Union County",
"Union County#English"
],
[
"North Carolina",
"North Carolina#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Ohio, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Ohio, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Loramie Township, Shelby County, Ohio."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Loramie",
"Loramie#English"
],
[
"Shelby County",
"Shelby County#English"
],
[
"Ohio",
"Ohio#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Boroughs in Pennsylvania, USA",
"en:Places in Pennsylvania, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"A borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"Washington County",
"Washington County#English"
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Tennessee, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Tennessee, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Other places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Wayne County, Tennessee."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
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[
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"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated",
"unincorporated"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"Wayne County",
"Wayne County#English"
],
[
"Tennessee",
"Tennessee#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Houston County"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses"
],
"glosses": [
"A placename:",
"Ellipsis of Houston County."
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"Houston County",
"Houston County#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English metonyms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:NASA"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Houston, we've had a problem here.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Johnson Space Center, the NASA Mission Control complex located in Houston, Texas."
],
"links": [
[
"NASA",
"NASA#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymically) The Johnson Space Center, the NASA Mission Control complex located in Houston, Texas."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"metonymically",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈh(j)uːst(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhjustən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhj̊uːstɨn]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[j̊uːstɨn]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Houston.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-Houston.ogg/En-us-Houston.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-Houston.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaʊstən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːstən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"surname"
],
"word": "Hoston"
},
{
"tags": [
"surname"
],
"word": "Houstoun"
},
{
"tags": [
"surname"
],
"word": "Hughesdon"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Hjústǎn",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Хю́стън"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "huca.tan",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "ဟူစတန်"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xiūsīdūn",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "休斯敦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "休士頓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xiūshìdùn",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "休士顿"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "hiusṭoni",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "ჰიუსტონი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Chioúston",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Χιούστον"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Hyūsuton",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "ヒューストン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Hyuseuteon",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "휴스턴"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hustonia"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "hyūsṭan",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "ह्यूस्टन"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Xʹjúston",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Хью́стон"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "Хјустон"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"Croatian",
"Latin"
],
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Texan city",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"Serbian"
],
"word": "Hjuston"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Houston"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Texan city",
"word": "Houston"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Houston",
"Houston (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "Houston"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Houston meaning in English (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.