"Germanism" meaning in English

See Germanism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: Germanisms [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree English German Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English Germanism From German + -ism. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|German|-ism|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English German Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English Germanism [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "abstract noun", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" }, { "id" : "abstract noun", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-mos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-mós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-μός", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ισμός", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ism", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "Germanism", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="Germanism"> From German + -ism. Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} Germanism (countable and uncountable, plural Germanisms)
  1. (countable, rhetoric) A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language). Tags: countable, rhetoric Translations (a word or idiom of the German language): germanisme [masculine] (Catalan), germanismus [masculine] (Czech), fortyskning [common-gender] (Danish), germanisme [common-gender] (Danish), germanisme [masculine] (Dutch), saksalaisuus (Finnish), germanismi (Finnish), germanisme [masculine] (French), xermanismo [masculine] (Galician), გერმანიზმი (germanizmi) (Georgian), Germanismus [masculine] (German), germanizmus (Hungarian), germanismo [masculine] (Italian), germanesimo [masculine] (Italian), germanizm [masculine] (Polish), germanismo [masculine] (Portuguese), germanism [neuter] (Romanian), германи́зм (germanízm) [masculine] (Russian), germanismo (Spanish), germanism [common-gender] (Swedish), tyskeri [neuter] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-Germanism-en-noun-NtzrfhyH Categories (other): Rhetoric, English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ism, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 75 25 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 62 38 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 73 27 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 70 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 56 44 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 75 25 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 81 19 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 81 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 79 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of 'a word or idiom of the German language': 96 4
  2. (usually uncountable) The culture and customs of the Germanic people (or tribes). Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism): saksalaisuus (Finnish), germanismi (Finnish), germanismo [masculine] (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-Germanism-en-noun-rI8VZ6~T Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 42 58 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 42 58 Disambiguation of 'culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism': 16 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Teutonism

Inflected forms

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        "(countable, rhetoric) A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language)."
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        "rhetoric"
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        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
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          "word": "germanisme"
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          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
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          "word": "fortyskning"
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          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
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          "word": "germanisme"
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        {
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          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "germanisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "word": "saksalaisuus"
        },
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          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "word": "germanismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanisme"
        },
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          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "xermanismo"
        },
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          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "germanizmi",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "word": "გერმანიზმი"
        },
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          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Germanismus"
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          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "word": "germanizmus"
        },
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          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "germanismo"
        },
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          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanesimo"
        },
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          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanizm"
        },
        {
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          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "word": "germanism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "germanízm",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "германи́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "word": "germanismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "germanism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "tyskeri"
        }
      ]
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        "The culture and customs of the Germanic people (or tribes)."
      ],
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          "culture",
          "culture"
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          "custom"
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          "Germanic"
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      ],
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        "(usually uncountable) The culture and customs of the Germanic people (or tribes)."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      ],
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        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
          "word": "saksalaisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
          "word": "germanismi"
        },
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          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "germanismo"
        }
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Teutonism"
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}
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    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "German",
        "4": "-ism",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish German\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish Germanism\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ισμός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Germanism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Germanism\">\nFrom German + -ism.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish German\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish Germanism\nFrom German + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Germanisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanism (countable and uncountable, plural Germanisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Rhetoric"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              50,
              60
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1929, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, Jewish Music: Its Historical Development, page 446:",
          "text": "He employs the Lithuanian Yiddish idiom with some Germanisms.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rhetoric",
          "rhetoric"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "idiom",
          "idiom"
        ],
        [
          "German",
          "German"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, rhetoric) A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rhetoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The culture and customs of the Germanic people (or tribes)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "culture",
          "culture"
        ],
        [
          "custom",
          "custom"
        ],
        [
          "Germanic",
          "Germanic"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually uncountable) The culture and customs of the Germanic people (or tribes)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Teutonism"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fortyskning"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "germanisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "word": "saksalaisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "word": "germanismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "xermanismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "germanizmi",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "word": "გერმანიზმი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Germanismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "word": "germanizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanesimo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "germanism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "germanízm",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "германи́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "word": "germanismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "germanism"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "a word or idiom of the German language",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "tyskeri"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
      "word": "saksalaisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
      "word": "germanismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "culture, and customs of Germanic peoples — see also Teutonism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "germanismo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Germanism"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Germanism meaning in English (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.