See Gaia in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for Gaia meaning in English (16.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaia-Enceladus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaia hypothesis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaianism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Gaia Sausage"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Γαῖᾰ",
"4": "",
"5": "Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”), from γαῖᾰ (gaîa, “the Earth”), probably related to γῆ (gê, “earth, land; country”).\nSense 1 was coined by the British scientist, environmentalist, and futurist James Lovelock (born 1919) in his book Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979), at the suggestion of the British novelist, playwright, and poet William Golding (1911–1993): see the quotation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Gaia",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "en:Ecology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Wu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Earth",
"orig": "en:Earth",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, J[ames] E[phraim] Lovelock, “Introductory”, in Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pages 1 and 11",
"text": "[page 1] As I write, two Viking spacecraft are circling our fellow planet Mars, awaiting landfall instructions from the Earth. Their mission is to search for life, or evidence of life, now or long ago. This book is also about a search for life, and the quest for Gaia is an attempt to find the largest living creature on Earth. […] [I]f Gaia does exist, then we may find ourselves and all other living things to be parts and partners of a vast being who in her entirety has the power to maintain our planet as a fit and comfortable habitat for life. […] [page 11] We have since defined Gaia as a complex entity involving the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1980 July, James E. Lovelock, “Living Planet Earth”, in Omni, volume 2, number 10, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 124, column 3",
"text": "If we are all—from the lowliest microorganism to the largest whale—a part of Gaia, then we are all potentially important to its well-being. Therefore, the ecologists who deplore the elimination of a species are not merely appealing to our sentiment. They are warning us, often without knowing it, about a blind and dangerous tinkering with the mechanism of the world. It is not enough just to regret the extinction of a whale, or even of the smallpox virus. When we delete one of these from Gaia's catalog, we may have destroyed part of ourselves. We are also a part of Gaia.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, David Hoffmann, “The Holistic Approach”, in The Holistic Herbal: A Herbal Celebrating the Wholeness of Life, Findhorn, Moray, Scotland: Findhorn; Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies, 3rd edition, London: Thorsons, HarperCollins Publishers, 2002, page 13",
"text": "In fact Planet Earth can be seen as an active participant in the creation of its own story, a living being now given the name Gaia, a name from Greek mythology for the goddess of earth. […] The very ability to perceive of the earth as living, as Gaia, is an indication of the expansion of consciousness that humanity as a whole is experiencing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Lynn Margulis, “Jim Lovelock’s Gaia”, in Peter Bunyard, Edward Goldsmith, editors, Gaia, the Thesis, the Mechanisms and the Implications: Proceedings of the First Annual Camelford Conference on the Implications of the Gaia Hypothesis, held on 21–24th October 1987 in Cornwall, Camelford, Cornwall: Wadebridge Ecological Centre, page 50",
"text": "Having recognised the Gaian phenomenon I would like to explain where I think Gaia comes from and ask for how long this Gaia phenomenon has persisted on the surface of the Earth. And then I would like to raise some of the objections to the Gaia hypothesis. To my knowledge the Gaia hypothesis has never been discussed in polite scientific society by sympathetic scientists; this is an all time first.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003 September 13, Nicholas Lezard, “The importance of being wrong”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2021-05-19",
"text": "Meanwhile, mankind is getting on with the business of turning the Earth barren; sooner or later, but more likely sooner, Gaia will shrug us off and the Earth will carry on as if we had never been.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone",
"text": "At first, Lovelock didn’t view global warming as an urgent threat to the planet. “Gaia is a tough bitch,” he often said[…] But a few years ago[…] Lovelock became convinced that Gaia’s autopilot system[…]is seriously out of whack, derailed by pollution and deforestation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism."
],
"id": "en-Gaia-en-name-HDGfJySD",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"ecosystem",
"ecosystem"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"self-regulating",
"self-regulating"
],
[
"superorganism",
"superorganism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡāyā",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "غَايَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gaiẏa",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "গাইয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "蓋亞"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖亚"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "蓋亞"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Gàiyǎ",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖亚"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖娅"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "Gaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaïa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Gaía",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Γαία"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גאיה"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaju"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "ガイア"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Gaia",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "가이아"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "geyā",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "ഗെയാ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "Gaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaïa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "گایا"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Геја"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Geja"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Héji",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ге́ї"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Greek mythology",
"orig": "en:Greek mythology",
"parents": [
"Ancient Greece",
"Mythology",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Greece",
"Culture",
"Ancient history",
"History of Europe",
"Ancient Asia",
"Greece",
"History of Asia",
"Society",
"History",
"Europe",
"Asia",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, W[illiam] E[wart] Gladstone, “Ilios. The Trojans Compared and Contrasted with the Greeks.”, in Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. … In Three Volumes, volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, →OCLC, page 153",
"text": "While investigating the Greek mythology, we have found reason to suppose that Juno, Ceres, and Gaia are but three different forms of the same original tradition of a divine feminine: of whom Ceres is the Pelasgian copy, Juno the vivid and powerful Hellenic development, and Gaia the original skeleton, retaining nothing of the old character, but having acquired the function of gaol-keeper for perjurors when sent to the other world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend."
],
"id": "en-Gaia-en-name-qy-PQ5OU",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek#Adjective"
],
[
"goddess",
"goddess"
],
[
"personification",
"personification"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"primordial",
"primordial"
],
[
"deities",
"deity"
],
[
"descend",
"descend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend."
],
"tags": [
"Greek"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡaɪə/",
"note": "Gaia hypothesis"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɪə/",
"note": "Goddess of the Earth"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡaɪə/",
"note": "Goddess of the Earth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪə"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Gaia.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-us-Gaia.ogg/En-us-Gaia.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-us-Gaia.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"James Lovelock",
"William Golding"
],
"word": "Gaia"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/eɪə",
"Rhymes:English/eɪə/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Wu translations",
"en:Earth"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gaia-Enceladus"
},
{
"word": "Gaia hypothesis"
},
{
"word": "Gaian"
},
{
"word": "Gaianism"
},
{
"word": "Gaia Sausage"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Γαῖᾰ",
"4": "",
"5": "Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”), from γαῖᾰ (gaîa, “the Earth”), probably related to γῆ (gê, “earth, land; country”).\nSense 1 was coined by the British scientist, environmentalist, and futurist James Lovelock (born 1919) in his book Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979), at the suggestion of the British novelist, playwright, and poet William Golding (1911–1993): see the quotation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Gaia",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Ecology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, J[ames] E[phraim] Lovelock, “Introductory”, in Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pages 1 and 11",
"text": "[page 1] As I write, two Viking spacecraft are circling our fellow planet Mars, awaiting landfall instructions from the Earth. Their mission is to search for life, or evidence of life, now or long ago. This book is also about a search for life, and the quest for Gaia is an attempt to find the largest living creature on Earth. […] [I]f Gaia does exist, then we may find ourselves and all other living things to be parts and partners of a vast being who in her entirety has the power to maintain our planet as a fit and comfortable habitat for life. […] [page 11] We have since defined Gaia as a complex entity involving the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1980 July, James E. Lovelock, “Living Planet Earth”, in Omni, volume 2, number 10, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 124, column 3",
"text": "If we are all—from the lowliest microorganism to the largest whale—a part of Gaia, then we are all potentially important to its well-being. Therefore, the ecologists who deplore the elimination of a species are not merely appealing to our sentiment. They are warning us, often without knowing it, about a blind and dangerous tinkering with the mechanism of the world. It is not enough just to regret the extinction of a whale, or even of the smallpox virus. When we delete one of these from Gaia's catalog, we may have destroyed part of ourselves. We are also a part of Gaia.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, David Hoffmann, “The Holistic Approach”, in The Holistic Herbal: A Herbal Celebrating the Wholeness of Life, Findhorn, Moray, Scotland: Findhorn; Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies, 3rd edition, London: Thorsons, HarperCollins Publishers, 2002, page 13",
"text": "In fact Planet Earth can be seen as an active participant in the creation of its own story, a living being now given the name Gaia, a name from Greek mythology for the goddess of earth. […] The very ability to perceive of the earth as living, as Gaia, is an indication of the expansion of consciousness that humanity as a whole is experiencing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Lynn Margulis, “Jim Lovelock’s Gaia”, in Peter Bunyard, Edward Goldsmith, editors, Gaia, the Thesis, the Mechanisms and the Implications: Proceedings of the First Annual Camelford Conference on the Implications of the Gaia Hypothesis, held on 21–24th October 1987 in Cornwall, Camelford, Cornwall: Wadebridge Ecological Centre, page 50",
"text": "Having recognised the Gaian phenomenon I would like to explain where I think Gaia comes from and ask for how long this Gaia phenomenon has persisted on the surface of the Earth. And then I would like to raise some of the objections to the Gaia hypothesis. To my knowledge the Gaia hypothesis has never been discussed in polite scientific society by sympathetic scientists; this is an all time first.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003 September 13, Nicholas Lezard, “The importance of being wrong”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2021-05-19",
"text": "Meanwhile, mankind is getting on with the business of turning the Earth barren; sooner or later, but more likely sooner, Gaia will shrug us off and the Earth will carry on as if we had never been.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone",
"text": "At first, Lovelock didn’t view global warming as an urgent threat to the planet. “Gaia is a tough bitch,” he often said[…] But a few years ago[…] Lovelock became convinced that Gaia’s autopilot system[…]is seriously out of whack, derailed by pollution and deforestation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism."
],
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"ecosystem",
"ecosystem"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"self-regulating",
"self-regulating"
],
[
"superorganism",
"superorganism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Greek mythology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, W[illiam] E[wart] Gladstone, “Ilios. The Trojans Compared and Contrasted with the Greeks.”, in Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. … In Three Volumes, volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, →OCLC, page 153",
"text": "While investigating the Greek mythology, we have found reason to suppose that Juno, Ceres, and Gaia are but three different forms of the same original tradition of a divine feminine: of whom Ceres is the Pelasgian copy, Juno the vivid and powerful Hellenic development, and Gaia the original skeleton, retaining nothing of the old character, but having acquired the function of gaol-keeper for perjurors when sent to the other world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend."
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek#Adjective"
],
[
"goddess",
"goddess"
],
[
"personification",
"personification"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"primordial",
"primordial"
],
[
"deities",
"deity"
],
[
"descend",
"descend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend."
],
"tags": [
"Greek"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡaɪə/",
"note": "Gaia hypothesis"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɪə/",
"note": "Goddess of the Earth"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡaɪə/",
"note": "Goddess of the Earth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪə"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Gaia.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-us-Gaia.ogg/En-us-Gaia.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-us-Gaia.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡāyā",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "غَايَا"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gaiẏa",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "গাইয়া"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "蓋亞"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖亚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "蓋亞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Gàiyǎ",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖亚"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "盖娅"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "Gaja"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaïa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaia"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Gaía",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Γαία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גאיה"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaju"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "ガイア"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Gaia",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "가이아"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "geyā",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "ഗെയാ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "Gaia"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaïa"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"word": "گایا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaja"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Геја"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Geja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Héji",
"sense": "the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ге́ї"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"James Lovelock",
"William Golding"
],
"word": "Gaia"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.