See Durham in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Durham meaning in English (36.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "14 9 5 0 0 10 0 12 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 5 7 0",
"word": "County Durham"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 9 5 0 0 10 0 12 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 5 7 0",
"word": "Durham boat"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 9 5 0 0 10 0 12 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 5 7 0",
"word": "Durham County"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 9 5 0 0 10 0 12 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 5 7 0",
"word": "Durhamism"
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{
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"word": "Durhamite"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 9 5 0 0 10 0 12 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 7 8 5 7 0",
"word": "Durham rule"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "Dunholm"
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"expansion": "Old English Dunholm",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "Duresm",
"3": "Dunelm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English Dunholm, meaning \"hill islet\". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.\nDoublet of Duresm and Dunelm.",
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"name": "Townships",
"orig": "en:Townships",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania, USA",
"orig": "en:Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania, USA",
"parents": [
"Unincorporated communities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Unincorporated communities in the United States",
"orig": "en:Unincorporated communities in the United States",
"parents": [
"Unincorporated communities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A township and unincorporated community therein, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania."
],
"id": "en-Durham-en-name-1d4YBZYe",
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Bucks County",
"Bucks County#English"
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌ.ɹəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɝəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "durum"
}
],
"word": "Durham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "Dunholm"
},
"expansion": "Old English Dunholm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Duresm",
"3": "Dunelm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English Dunholm, meaning \"hill islet\". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.\nDoublet of Duresm and Dunelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Durhams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Durham (plural Durhams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"One of a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England, and noted for their beef-producing quality."
],
"id": "en-Durham-en-noun-~-CeEg8e",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"beef",
"beef"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌ.ɹəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɝəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "durum"
}
],
"word": "Durham"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Boroughs in England"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "County Durham"
},
{
"word": "Durham boat"
},
{
"word": "Durham County"
},
{
"word": "Durhamism"
},
{
"word": "Durhamite"
},
{
"word": "Durham rule"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "Dunholm"
},
"expansion": "Old English Dunholm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Duresm",
"3": "Dunelm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English Dunholm, meaning \"hill islet\". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.\nDoublet of Duresm and Dunelm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Durham",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Counties of England",
"en:County Durham, England",
"en:Places in England"
],
"glosses": [
"County Durham (a county in the Northeast of England)"
],
"links": [
[
"County Durham",
"County Durham#English"
],
[
"England",
"England#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in County Durham, England",
"en:Cities in England",
"en:Places in County Durham, England",
"en:Places in England"
],
"glosses": [
"A city in and the county town of County Durham, England."
],
"links": [
[
"county town",
"county town"
],
[
"County Durham",
"County Durham#English"
],
[
"England",
"England#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Durham County Council, a local government unitary authority which replaced the county council in 2009 in all of County Durham except Darlington, Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees."
],
"links": [
[
"local government",
"local government"
],
[
"unitary authority",
"unitary authority"
],
[
"county council",
"county council"
],
[
"Darlington",
"Darlington#English"
],
[
"Hartlepool",
"Hartlepool#English"
],
[
"Stockton-on-Tees",
"Stockton-on-Tees#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English surnames",
"English surnames from Old English"
],
"glosses": [
"An English habitational surname from Old English from the city in England."
],
"links": [
[
"habitational",
"habitational"
],
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Australia",
"en:Places in Queensland",
"en:Towns in Australia",
"en:Towns in Queensland"
],
"glosses": [
"An outback town in Queensland, Australia."
],
"links": [
[
"Queensland",
"Queensland#English"
],
[
"Australia",
"Australia#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Canada",
"en:Places in New Brunswick",
"en:Villages in Canada",
"en:Villages in New Brunswick"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in Canada.",
"A community in New Brunswick; named for Lord Durham, Governor General of Canada."
],
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada#English"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"New Brunswick",
"New Brunswick#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Canada",
"en:Places in Ontario",
"en:Villages in Canada",
"en:Villages in Ontario"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in Canada.",
"A community in West Grey, Grey County, Ontario."
],
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada#English"
],
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"West Grey",
"West Grey#English"
],
[
"Grey County",
"Grey County#English"
],
[
"Ontario",
"Ontario#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Canada",
"en:Places in Ontario",
"en:Regional municipalities of Ontario"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in Canada.",
"The Regional Municipality of Durham, a regional municipality east of Toronto, Ontario."
],
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada#English"
],
[
"Toronto",
"Toronto#English"
],
[
"Ontario",
"Ontario#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Arkansas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Arkansas, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A township and unincorporated community in Washington County, Arkansas."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Washington County",
"Washington County#English"
],
[
"Arkansas",
"Arkansas#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Census-designated places in California, USA",
"en:Census-designated places in the United States",
"en:Places in California, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A census-designated place in Butte County, California; named for California politician W. W. Durham."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Butte County",
"Butte County#English"
],
[
"California",
"California#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Census-designated places in Connecticut, USA",
"en:Census-designated places in the United States",
"en:Places in Connecticut, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in Connecticut, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A town and census-designated place therein, in Middlesex County, Connecticut; named for the city in England."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Middlesex County",
"Middlesex County#English"
],
[
"Connecticut",
"Connecticut#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Georgia, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Georgia, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"An unincorporated community in Walker County, Georgia; named for Durham Coal and Coke Company."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Walker County",
"Walker County#English"
],
[
"Georgia",
"Georgia#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Illinois, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A township in Hancock County, Illinois."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Hancock County",
"Hancock County#English"
],
[
"Illinois",
"Illinois#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Indiana, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Indiana, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"An unincorporated community in Gibson County, Indiana."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Gibson County",
"Gibson County#English"
],
[
"Indiana",
"Indiana#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Kansas, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Places in Kansas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A minor city in Marion County, Kansas; named for the breed of cattle."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Marion County",
"Marion County#English"
],
[
"Kansas",
"Kansas#English"
],
[
"breed of cattle",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Maine, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in Maine, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A town in Androscoggin County, Maine; named for County Durham, England."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Androscoggin County",
"Androscoggin County#English"
],
[
"Maine",
"Maine#English"
],
[
"County Durham",
"County Durham"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Missouri, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Missouri, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"An unincorporated community in Lewis County, Missouri; named for a railroad employee."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Lewis County",
"Lewis County#English"
],
[
"Missouri",
"Missouri#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Census-designated places in New Hampshire, USA",
"en:Census-designated places in the United States",
"en:Places in New Hampshire, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in New Hampshire, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A town and census-designated place therein, in Strafford County, New Hampshire."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Strafford County",
"Strafford County#English"
],
[
"New Hampshire",
"New Hampshire#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in New York, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Towns in New York, USA",
"en:Towns in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A town in Greene County, New York; named for the town in Connecticut."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Greene County",
"Greene County#English"
],
[
"New York",
"New York#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in North Carolina, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:County seats of North Carolina, USA",
"en:Places in North Carolina, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A city, the county seat of Durham County, North Carolina; named for landowner Bartlett S. Durham."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"county seat",
"county seat"
],
[
"Durham County",
"Durham County#English"
],
[
"North Carolina",
"North Carolina#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in North Carolina, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A township in Durham County, North Carolina, most of which is in the city."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Durham County",
"Durham County#English"
],
[
"North Carolina",
"North Carolina#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Oklahoma, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"An unincorporated community in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma; named for postmaster Doris Durham Morris."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Roger Mills County",
"Roger Mills County#English"
],
[
"Oklahoma",
"Oklahoma#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Oregon, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Places in Oregon, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A city in Washington County, Oregon; named for pioneer and Oregon Territory legislator Alberto Alonzo Durham."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Washington County",
"Washington County#English"
],
[
"Oregon",
"Oregon#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Pennsylvania, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania, USA",
"en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A locale in the United States.",
"A township and unincorporated community therein, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Bucks County",
"Bucks County#English"
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌ.ɹəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɝəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "durum"
}
],
"word": "Durham"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Boroughs in England"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "Dunholm"
},
"expansion": "Old English Dunholm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Duresm",
"3": "Dunelm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English Dunholm, meaning \"hill islet\". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.\nDoublet of Duresm and Dunelm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Durhams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Durham (plural Durhams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"One of a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England, and noted for their beef-producing quality."
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"beef",
"beef"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌ.ɹəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɝəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "durum"
}
],
"word": "Durham"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.