"Downing effect" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_text": "Named after C. L. Downing, who first obseved the effect.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "Downing effect",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biases",
          "orig": "en:Biases",
          "parents": [
            "Psychology",
            "Statistics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The tendency of people with a below average IQ to overestimate their IQ, and of people with an above average IQ to underestimate their IQ."
      ],
      "id": "en-Downing_effect-en-noun-kdRpegCw",
      "links": [
        [
          "below average",
          "below average"
        ],
        [
          "IQ",
          "IQ"
        ],
        [
          "overestimate",
          "overestimate"
        ],
        [
          "above average",
          "above average"
        ],
        [
          "underestimate",
          "underestimate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) The tendency of people with a below average IQ to overestimate their IQ, and of people with an above average IQ to underestimate their IQ."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "Dunning-Kruger effect"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Downing effect"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "Named after C. L. Downing, who first obseved the effect.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "Downing effect",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Dunning-Kruger effect"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English eponyms",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
        "English terms with uncommon senses",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "en:Biases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The tendency of people with a below average IQ to overestimate their IQ, and of people with an above average IQ to underestimate their IQ."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "below average",
          "below average"
        ],
        [
          "IQ",
          "IQ"
        ],
        [
          "overestimate",
          "overestimate"
        ],
        [
          "above average",
          "above average"
        ],
        [
          "underestimate",
          "underestimate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) The tendency of people with a below average IQ to overestimate their IQ, and of people with an above average IQ to underestimate their IQ."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Downing effect"
}