"Bernard" meaning in English

See Bernard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /ˈbɜːnəd/ [UK], /bəɹˈnɑɹd/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav
Rhymes: (UK) -ɜːnəd, (US) -ɑː(ɹ)d Etymology: From Middle English Bernard, from Old French Bernard, Bernart, from Medieval Latin Bernardus, probably from Frankish *Bernhard (compare Old High German Bernhart, Old English Beornheard), from Proto-Germanic *Bernuharduz, equivalent to bear + -ard. Popularized by medieval European saints. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|Bernard}} Middle English Bernard, {{der|en|fro|Bernard}} Old French Bernard, {{der|en|ML.|Bernardus}} Medieval Latin Bernardus, {{der|en|frk|*Bernhard}} Frankish *Bernhard, {{cog|goh|Bernhart}} Old High German Bernhart, {{cog|ang|Beornheard}} Old English Beornheard, {{der|en|gem-pro|*Bernuharduz}} Proto-Germanic *Bernuharduz, {{af|en|bear|-ard|nocat=1}} bear + -ard Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Bernard
  1. A male given name from the Germanic languages. Categories (topical): English given names, English male given names Translations (male given name): Benárd m Bernárd [masculine] (Albanian), Bernhárd [masculine] (Albanian), Binárd [masculine] (Albanian), Birnárd [masculine] (Albanian), Beñat (Basque), বার্নার্ড (barnarḍo) (Bengali), Bernat (Catalan), 班拿特 (baan¹ naa⁴ dak⁶) (Chinese Cantonese), 伯納德 (Chinese Mandarin), 伯纳德 (Bónàdé) (Chinese Mandarin), Bernhard (Danish), Bernt (Danish), Bernaart (Dutch), Bernardo (Esperanto), Bernard (French), ბერნარდი (bernardi) (Georgian), Bernhard (German), Bernd (German), Βερνάρδος (Vernárdos) [masculine] (Greek), Bernát (Hungarian), Bernharður (Icelandic), Bearnárd (Irish), Bernardo (Italian), Bernardus (Latin), Bernard [masculine] (Lombard), Perenata (Maori), Bernard (Middle French), Bernhard (Norwegian), Bernt (Norwegian), Bernat [masculine] (Occitan), Bernart (Old French), Bernard (Polish), Bernardo (Portuguese), Берна́рд (Bernárd) [masculine] (Russian), Bernardo (Spanish), Bernhard (Swedish), Bênađô (Vietnamese), Biernåd (Walloon)
    Sense id: en-Bernard-en-name-esvibhbL Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 6 entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Lombard translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Middle French translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Old French translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Walloon translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 61 39 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 73 27 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 33 17 35 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 81 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Lombard translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle French translations: 91 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Old French translations: 67 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 80 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Walloon translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of 'male given name': 95 5
  2. A surname originating as a patronymic.
    Sense id: en-Bernard-en-name-Xs1vzbdd Categories (other): English surnames, Pages with 6 entries Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 33 17 35 14
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Barnard [surname] Related terms: Bernadette, Bernie
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Old High German Bernhart",
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      "expansion": "Old English Beornheard",
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        "3": "-ard",
        "nocat": "1"
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle English Bernard, from Old French Bernard, Bernart, from Medieval Latin Bernardus, probably from Frankish *Bernhard (compare Old High German Bernhart, Old English Beornheard), from Proto-Germanic *Bernuharduz, equivalent to bear + -ard. Popularized by medieval European saints.",
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      "_dis1": "54 46",
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          "ref": "1992, Thomas Keneally, Woman of the Inner Sea, Plume, published 1994, →ISBN, pages 18–19:",
          "text": "A similar arrangement was made for her son Bernard, named in honor of the great Carthusian mystic (at least, that is what Jim Gaffney would softly tell Mrs. Kozinski) and of Bernie Astor, the publicist.",
          "type": "quote"
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      "id": "en-Bernard-en-name-esvibhbL",
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Benárd m Bernárd"
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          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "Bernhárd"
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          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sq",
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          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "Binárd"
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          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "Birnárd"
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Beñat"
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "barnarḍo",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "বার্নার্ড"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "baan¹ naa⁴ dak⁶",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "班拿特"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "伯納德"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "Bónàdé",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "伯纳德"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernhard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernaart"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernardo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "frm",
          "lang": "Middle French",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fro",
          "lang": "Old French",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernart"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "bernardi",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "ბერნარდი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernhard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "Vernárdos",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Βερνάρδος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernát"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernharður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bearnárd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernardo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernardus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lmo",
          "lang": "Lombard",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bernard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Perenata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernhard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernt"
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          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bernat"
        },
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          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernardo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "Bernárd",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "Берна́рд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernardo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bernhard"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Bênađô"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "male given name",
          "word": "Biernåd"
        }
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      "id": "en-Bernard-en-name-Xs1vzbdd",
      "links": [
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɜːnəd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
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    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bəɹˈnɑɹd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -ɜːnəd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɑː(ɹ)d"
    }
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "54 46",
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Barnard"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Bernard"
}
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    "Rhymes:English/ɜːnəd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜːnəd/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Lombard translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle French translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Old French translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Walloon translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "Bernard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English Bernard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "Bernard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French Bernard",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "Bernardus"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin Bernardus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*Bernhard"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *Bernhard",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "Bernhart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German Bernhart",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "Beornheard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English Beornheard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*Bernuharduz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *Bernuharduz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bear",
        "3": "-ard",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "bear + -ard",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English Bernard, from Old French Bernard, Bernart, from Medieval Latin Bernardus, probably from Frankish *Bernhard (compare Old High German Bernhart, Old English Beornheard), from Proto-Germanic *Bernuharduz, equivalent to bear + -ard. Popularized by medieval European saints.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Bernard",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Bernadette"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bernie"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English given names",
        "English male given names",
        "English male given names from Germanic languages",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1992, Thomas Keneally, Woman of the Inner Sea, Plume, published 1994, →ISBN, pages 18–19:",
          "text": "A similar arrangement was made for her son Bernard, named in honor of the great Carthusian mystic (at least, that is what Jim Gaffney would softly tell Mrs. Kozinski) and of Bernie Astor, the publicist.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A male given name from the Germanic languages."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English surnames",
        "English surnames from patronymics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A surname originating as a patronymic."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɜːnəd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bernard.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bəɹˈnɑɹd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -ɜːnəd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɑː(ɹ)d"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Barnard"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Benárd m Bernárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bernhárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Binárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Birnárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Beñat"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "barnarḍo",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "বার্নার্ড"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernat"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "baan¹ naa⁴ dak⁶",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "班拿特"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "伯納德"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Bónàdé",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "伯纳德"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernhard"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernaart"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernard"
    },
    {
      "code": "frm",
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernard"
    },
    {
      "code": "fro",
      "lang": "Old French",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernart"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "bernardi",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "ბერნარდი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernhard"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernd"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Vernárdos",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Βερνάρδος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernát"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernharður"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bearnárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernardus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lmo",
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bernard"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Perenata"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernhard"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernt"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bernat"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernard"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "Bernárd",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Берна́рд"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bernhard"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Bênađô"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "male given name",
      "word": "Biernåd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Bernard"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Bernard meaning in English (7.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.