"-ion" meaning in English

See -ion in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Forms: -ions [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion Reanalysed from -ation, -tion, from Middle French -tion, -cion, from Latin -tiō. By surface analysis, this suffix is added to verbs derived from Latin perfect participle stems. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|-ation|id=-ation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "lbor.", "keyword_label" : "Learned borrowing from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-tiHō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-Hō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ātiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-acioun", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ion", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="-ation" data-lang="en" data-title="-ion" id="English:_-ation">, {{der|en|frm|-tion}} Middle French -tion, {{der|en|la|-tiō}} Latin -tiō Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} -ion (noun-forming suffix, countable and uncountable, plural -ions)
  1. (no longer productive) An action or process, or the result of an action or process. Tags: countable, idiomatic, morpheme, uncountable
    Sense id: en--ion-en-suffix-tpUdQgMW Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English links with manual fragments, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 100 0 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 100 0 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 13 0 33 33 21 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 100 0
  2. (no longer productive) A state or condition. Tags: countable, idiomatic, morpheme, uncountable
    Sense id: en--ion-en-suffix-898x5xkN
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ation, -sis [Greek], -tion
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /ɪən/ [Received-Pronunciation], /aɪən/ [General-American] Forms: -ions [plural], -ia [plural]
Etymology: Possibly reanalysed from inion, which is of Ancient Greek origin. In many cases also analysable as the neuter form of an Ancient Greek adjective in -ιος (-ios). Etymology templates: {{der|en|grc|-}} Ancient Greek Head templates: {{en-noun|s|-ia}} -ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)
  1. An anthropometric reference point. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ion-en-suffix-en:craniometry Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, Pages using catfix, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 37 37 24 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 13 0 33 33 21 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 1 0 19 19 13 6 6 5 1 0 10 10 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 0 0 11 11 7 17 17 16 1 0 12 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 15 15 9 13 13 13 2 0 9 5 6
  2. An anthropometric reference point.
    Especially craniometric points
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ion-en-suffix-en:craniometry1 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, Pages using catfix, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 37 37 24 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 13 0 33 33 21 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 1 0 19 19 13 6 6 5 1 0 10 10 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 0 0 11 11 7 17 17 16 1 0 12 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 15 15 9 13 13 13 2 0 9 5 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ale Derived forms: omphalion, phalangion, pternion, sellion, sphyrion, stomiontrochanterion, symphysion, xiphion Related terms: mesophryon
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Forms: -ions [plural], -ia [plural]
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”), containing -ιον (-ion). Compare also -ium. Etymology templates: {{der|en|grc|ἀπόγειον||apogee}} Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”) Head templates: {{en-noun|s|-ia}} -ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)
  1. Together with apo- and peri-, forms names of specific apoapsides and periapsides. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ion-en-suffix-mMhpJEKB Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English links with manual fragments, Pages using catfix Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 37 37 24 Disambiguation of English links with manual fragments: 13 0 33 33 21 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 1 0 19 19 13 6 6 5 1 0 10 10 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

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  "forms": [
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          "_dis": "13 0 33 33 21",
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      ],
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          "action"
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          "process"
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          "result",
          "result"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) An action or process, or the result of an action or process."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
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          "type": "example"
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          ],
          "text": "bisection",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state or condition."
      ],
      "id": "en--ion-en-suffix-898x5xkN",
      "links": [
        [
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          "state"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) A state or condition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ən/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ʃ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/t͡ʃ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ʒ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ion"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "omphalion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phalangion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pternion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sellion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sphyrion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stomiontrochanterion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "symphysion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "xiphion"
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
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        "2": "grc",
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  ],
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  "forms": [
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      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
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      "tags": [
        "plural"
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          "_dis": "2 0 37 37 24",
          "kind": "other",
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          ],
          "text": "dactylion",
          "type": "example"
        }
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      "glosses": [
        "An anthropometric reference point."
      ],
      "id": "en--ion-en-suffix-en:craniometry",
      "links": [
        [
          "anthropometric",
          "anthropometry"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
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      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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          "text": "gnathion",
          "type": "example"
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        "An anthropometric reference point.",
        "Especially craniometric points"
      ],
      "id": "en--ion-en-suffix-en:craniometry1",
      "links": [
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          "anthropometry"
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      "senseid": [
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      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aɪən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ale"
    }
  ],
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}

{
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        "2": "grc",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "apogee"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”), containing -ιον (-ion). Compare also -ium.",
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      "tags": [
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          "_dis": "2 0 37 37 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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          "text": "periareion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Together with apo- and peri-, forms names of specific apoapsides and periapsides."
      ],
      "id": "en--ion-en-suffix-mMhpJEKB",
      "links": [
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          "apo-#English"
        ],
        [
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          "peri-#English"
        ],
        [
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          "apoapsis#English"
        ],
        [
          "periapsides",
          "periapsis#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ion"
}
{
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    "English entries with etymology trees",
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English unproductive suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "-ation",
        "id": "-ation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ion\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"-ation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ion\" id=\"English:_-ation\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-tion"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French -tion",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-tiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -tiō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nReanalysed from -ation, -tion, from Middle French -tion, -cion, from Latin -tiō. By surface analysis, this suffix is added to verbs derived from Latin perfect participle stems.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, countable and uncountable, plural -ions)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ation"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Greek"
      ],
      "word": "-sis"
    },
    {
      "word": "-tion"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "text": "transfixion",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "text": "reaction",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An action or process, or the result of an action or process."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "process",
          "process"
        ],
        [
          "result",
          "result"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) An action or process, or the result of an action or process."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "text": "indirection",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "text": "bisection",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state or condition."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) A state or condition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ən/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ʃ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/t͡ʃ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ʒ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ion"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English unproductive suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "omphalion"
    },
    {
      "word": "phalangion"
    },
    {
      "word": "pternion"
    },
    {
      "word": "sellion"
    },
    {
      "word": "sphyrion"
    },
    {
      "word": "stomiontrochanterion"
    },
    {
      "word": "symphysion"
    },
    {
      "word": "xiphion"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly reanalysed from inion, which is of Ancient Greek origin. In many cases also analysable as the neuter form of an Ancient Greek adjective in -ιος (-ios).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ia",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "-ia"
      },
      "expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "mesophryon"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "text": "dactylion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An anthropometric reference point."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anthropometric",
          "anthropometry"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:craniometry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "text": "gnathion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An anthropometric reference point.",
        "Especially craniometric points"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anthropometric",
          "anthropometry"
        ],
        [
          "craniometric",
          "craniometry"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:craniometry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aɪən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-ale"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ion"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English links with manual fragments",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English unproductive suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀπόγειον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "apogee"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “apogee”), containing -ιον (-ion). Compare also -ium.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ia",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "-ia"
      },
      "expansion": "-ion (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions or -ia)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ],
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "text": "periareion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Together with apo- and peri-, forms names of specific apoapsides and periapsides."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apo-",
          "apo-#English"
        ],
        [
          "peri-",
          "peri-#English"
        ],
        [
          "apoapsides",
          "apoapsis#English"
        ],
        [
          "periapsides",
          "periapsis#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ion"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ion meaning in English (8.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ion"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ion",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ion"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ion",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ion"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ion",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.