See toppen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"top",
"top#Dutch"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Dutch:_denominative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "top",
"3": "-en<id:denominative>"
},
"expansion": "top + -en",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From top + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toppend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "getopt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "top",
"2": "toppe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "top"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "topping"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -en (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to top (to cut or remove the top (as of a tree))"
],
"id": "en-toppen-nl-verb-KOgHs~BK",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to top (to cut or remove the top (as of a tree))"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -en (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to top (to cover on the top or with a top)"
],
"id": "en-toppen-nl-verb-XeDwCj25",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": ":met"
},
"expansion": "[with met]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"met"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to top (to cover on the top or with a top) [with met]"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from English top.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toppend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "getopt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "top",
"2": "toppe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to top (to excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed)"
],
"id": "en-toppen-nl-verb-lzqhiNP0",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) to top (to excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overtreffen"
},
{
"word": "overtoepen"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 21 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "top"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of top"
],
"id": "en-toppen-nl-noun-LzBm0oxn",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms suffixed with -en (denominative)",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"top",
"top#Dutch"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Dutch:_denominative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "top",
"3": "-en<id:denominative>"
},
"expansion": "top + -en",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From top + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toppend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "getopt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "top",
"2": "toppe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "top"
},
{
"word": "topping"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to top (to cut or remove the top (as of a tree))"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to top (to cut or remove the top (as of a tree))"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to top (to cover on the top or with a top)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": ":met"
},
"expansion": "[with met]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"met"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to top (to cover on the top or with a top) [with met]"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from English top.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "topten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "toppend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "getopt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "top",
"2": "toppe"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch informal terms",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to top (to excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) to top (to excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overtreffen"
},
{
"word": "overtoepen"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔpən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "toppen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"top",
"pen"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "top"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of top"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.pə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toppen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg/Nl-toppen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nl-toppen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔpən"
}
],
"word": "toppen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for toppen meaning in Dutch (9.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.