See koud in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for koud meaning in Dutch (7.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berekoud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ijskoud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kouwe kak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koude kant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koud kunstje"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "koud"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: koud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: koud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "kautu"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kautu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kautu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "koud",
"3": "koude",
"4": "kout",
"5": "kot",
"6": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: koud, koude, kout, kot, kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: koud, koude, kout, kot, kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skw",
"2": "kout"
},
"expansion": "Skepi Creole Dutch: kout",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Skepi Creole Dutch: kout"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kww",
"2": "kowru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kwinti: kowru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kwinti: kowru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "koto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: koto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: koto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kalt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kalt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kald"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kald",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch *kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kouder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouders",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koud (comparative kouder, superlative koudst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koud"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
},
{
"word": "heet"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 46 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "nl:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"text": "Het is buiten koud, dus zorg ervoor dat je je warm aankleedt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (temperature)"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-488qPb7o",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 46 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"text": "Hij toonde een koude houding ten opzichte van zijn collega's.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-9qNpURJy",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 46 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Van een koude kermis thuiskomen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "De koude kant van de familie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, insignificant"
],
"id": "en-koud-nl-adj-3-MvTK~A",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"insignificant",
"insignificant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bad, insignificant"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑu̯t/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯t"
},
{
"homophone": "kout"
},
{
"homophone": "kauwt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg/Nl-koud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t/1 syllable",
"nl:Temperature"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berekoud"
},
{
"word": "ijskoud"
},
{
"word": "kouwe kak"
},
{
"word": "koude kant"
},
{
"word": "koud kunstje"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "koud"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: koud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: koud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "kautu"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kautu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kautu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "koud",
"3": "koude",
"4": "kout",
"5": "kot",
"6": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: koud, koude, kout, kot, kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: koud, koude, kout, kot, kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skw",
"2": "kout"
},
"expansion": "Skepi Creole Dutch: kout",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Skepi Creole Dutch: kout"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kww",
"2": "kowru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kwinti: kowru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kwinti: kowru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "koto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: koto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: koto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cout"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kalt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kalt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kald"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kald",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cout, from Old Dutch *kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kouder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "koudst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kouder",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "koude",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "koudere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "koudste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "kouds",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "kouders",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koud (comparative kouder, superlative koudst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"koud"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
},
{
"word": "heet"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's cold outside, so make sure to dress warmly.",
"text": "Het is buiten koud, dus zorg ervoor dat je je warm aankleedt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (temperature)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "warm"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He displayed a cold attitude towards his colleagues.",
"text": "Hij toonde een koude houding ten opzichte van zijn collega's.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with rare senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Dutch usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Van een koude kermis thuiskomen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "De koude kant van de familie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, insignificant"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"insignificant",
"insignificant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) bad, insignificant"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑu̯t/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯t"
},
{
"homophone": "kout"
},
{
"homophone": "kauwt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-koud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg/Nl-koud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Nl-koud.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "koud"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.