"kil" meaning in Dutch

See kil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kɪl/ Audio: Nl-kil.ogg
Rhymes: -ɪl Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gel- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *gólis Proto-Germanic *kaliz Proto-West Germanic *kali Old Dutch [Term?] Middle Dutch kille Dutch kil From Middle Dutch kille, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, related to Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”). Related also to German Low German Köle, German kühl, Danish køle, Swedish kyla, Icelandic kylur, and English chill. Etymology templates: {{ety|nl|:inh|dum:kille<id:cold>|id=cold|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gel- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *gólis Proto-Germanic *kaliz Proto-West Germanic *kali Old Dutch [Term?] Middle Dutch kille Dutch kil [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "ine-pro", "id" : "freeze", "pos" : "root" }, "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*gel-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*gól-", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*kalaną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-iz", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "afeq", "is_invisible" : "all" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*kaliz", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*kali", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "odt" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle Dutch", "term" : "kille", "lang" : "dum" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Dutch", "term" : "kil", "lang" : "nl" }" data-id="cold" data-lang="nl" data-title="kil" id="Dutch:_cold">, {{root|nl|ine-pro|*gel-}}, {{inh|nl|dum|kille}} Middle Dutch kille, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*kaliz}} Proto-Germanic *kaliz, {{cog|dum|killen|t=to be (ice) cold}} Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”), {{cog|nds-de|Köle}} German Low German Köle, {{cog|de|kühl}} German kühl, {{cog|da|køle}} Danish køle, {{cog|sv|kyla}} Swedish kyla, {{cog|is|kylur}} Icelandic kylur, {{cog|en|chill}} English chill Head templates: {{nl-adj|killer}} kil (comparative killer, superlative kilst) Inflection templates: {{nl-decl-adj|kille}} Forms: killer [comparative], kilst [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], kil [adverbial, positive, predicative], killer [adverbial, comparative, predicative], het kilst [adverbial, predicative, superlative], het kilste [adverbial, predicative, superlative], kille [feminine, indefinite, masculine, positive, singular], killere [comparative, feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular], kilste [feminine, indefinite, masculine, singular, superlative], kil [indefinite, neuter, positive, singular], killer [comparative, indefinite, neuter, singular], kilste [indefinite, neuter, singular, superlative], kille [indefinite, plural, positive], killere [comparative, indefinite, plural], kilste [indefinite, plural, superlative], kille [definite, positive], killere [comparative, definite], kilste [definite, superlative], kils [partitive, positive], killers [comparative, partitive], - [partitive, superlative]
  1. (figurative) cold-hearted, cold-blooded Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-kil-nl-adj-anNnyGR3 Categories (other): Evil, Personality
  2. (literal) cold, chilly (of temperatures, weather, etc.)
    Sense id: en-kil-nl-adj-u3CjWnbY Categories (other): Temperature
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: kilheid, kilte
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /kɪl/ Audio: Nl-kil.ogg Forms: killen [plural], killetje [diminutive, neuter], kille [alternative], kill [alternative, obsolete]
Rhymes: -ɪl Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der. Proto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der. Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ Proto-West Germanic *killjā Old Dutch *killa Middle Dutch kille Dutch kil From Middle Dutch kille, from Old Dutch *killa, from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to *kīnaną (“to crack, split”). Etymology templates: {{ety|nl|:inh|dum:kille<id:riverbed>|id=kill|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der. Proto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der. Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ Proto-West Germanic *killjā Old Dutch *killa Middle Dutch kille Dutch kil [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*ǵi(H)-l-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ǵeyH-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*kiljǭ", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*killjā", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Dutch", "term" : "*killa", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "odt" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle Dutch", "term" : "kille", "lang" : "dum" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Dutch", "term" : "kil", "lang" : "nl" }" data-id="kill" data-lang="nl" data-title="kil" id="Dutch:_kill">, {{inh|nl|dum|kille}} Middle Dutch kille, {{inh|nl|odt|*killa}} Old Dutch *killa, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*kiljǭ}} Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ Head templates: {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} kil f (plural killen, diminutive killetje n), {{tlb|nl|archaic|or|dialect}} (archaic or dialect)
  1. kill, waterway on sandflats or mud flats Tags: archaic, dialectal, feminine
    Sense id: en-kil-nl-noun-1AABApnF Categories (other): Landforms, Water, Dutch entries with etymology trees, Dutch entries with etymon, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Dutch entries with etymology trees: 10 18 68 4 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with etymon: 8 19 70 4 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 9 23 65 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 5 10 40 2 8 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 4 11 47 2 7 15 13
  2. creek, rivulet Tags: archaic, dialectal, feminine
    Sense id: en-kil-nl-noun-S-XUv3i3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kilheid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kilte"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "word": "kil"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:kille<id:cold>",
        "id": "cold",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *gólis\nProto-Germanic *kaliz\nProto-West Germanic *kali\nOld Dutch [Term?]\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gól-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kalaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iz\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kaliz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kali\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kille\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kil\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"cold\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"kil\" id=\"Dutch:_cold\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "kille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch kille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kaliz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaliz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "killen",
        "t": "to be (ice) cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Köle"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Köle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kühl"
      },
      "expansion": "German kühl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "køle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish køle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kyla"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kyla",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kylur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kylur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chill"
      },
      "expansion": "English chill",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *gólis\nProto-Germanic *kaliz\nProto-West Germanic *kali\nOld Dutch [Term?]\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\nFrom Middle Dutch kille, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, related to Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”).\nRelated also to German Low German Köle, German kühl, Danish køle, Swedish kyla, Icelandic kylur, and English chill.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het kilst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kils",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "killer"
      },
      "expansion": "kil (comparative killer, superlative kilst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kille"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Evil",
          "orig": "nl:Evil",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Personality",
          "orig": "nl:Personality",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold-hearted, cold-blooded"
      ],
      "id": "en-kil-nl-adj-anNnyGR3",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold-hearted",
          "cold-hearted"
        ],
        [
          "cold-blooded",
          "cold-blooded"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) cold-hearted, cold-blooded"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "nl:Temperature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold, chilly (of temperatures, weather, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kil-nl-adj-u3CjWnbY",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "chilly",
          "chilly"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literal) cold, chilly (of temperatures, weather, etc.)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg/Nl-kil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kil"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:kille<id:riverbed>",
        "id": "kill",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der.\nProto-Germanic *kiljǭ\nProto-West Germanic *killjā\nOld Dutch *killa\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ǵi(H)-l-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵeyH-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kiljǭ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*killjā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"*killa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kille\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kil\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"kill\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"kil\" id=\"Dutch:_kill\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "kille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch kille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*killa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *killa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kiljǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der.\nProto-Germanic *kiljǭ\nProto-West Germanic *killjā\nOld Dutch *killa\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\nFrom Middle Dutch kille, from Old Dutch *killa, from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to *kīnaną (“to crack, split”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "killen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killetje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kil f (plural killen, diminutive killetje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "archaic",
        "3": "or",
        "4": "dialect"
      },
      "expansion": "(archaic or dialect)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "nl:Landforms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Water",
          "orig": "nl:Water",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 18 68 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 19 70 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 23 65 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 10 40 2 8 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 11 47 2 7 15 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kill, waterway on sandflats or mud flats"
      ],
      "id": "en-kil-nl-noun-1AABApnF",
      "links": [
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ],
        [
          "waterway",
          "waterway"
        ],
        [
          "sandflat",
          "sandflat"
        ],
        [
          "mud flat",
          "mud flat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creek, rivulet"
      ],
      "id": "en-kil-nl-noun-S-XUv3i3",
      "links": [
        [
          "creek",
          "creek"
        ],
        [
          "rivulet",
          "rivulet"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg/Nl-kil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kil"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch archaic terms",
    "Dutch dialectal terms",
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with homophones",
    "Old Dutch term requests",
    "Pages with 26 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɪl",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɪl/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kilheid"
    },
    {
      "word": "kilte"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "word": "kil"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:kille<id:cold>",
        "id": "cold",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *gólis\nProto-Germanic *kaliz\nProto-West Germanic *kali\nOld Dutch [Term?]\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"freeze\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gól-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kalaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iz\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kaliz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kali\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kille\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kil\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"cold\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"kil\" id=\"Dutch:_cold\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "kille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch kille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kaliz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaliz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "killen",
        "t": "to be (ice) cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Köle"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Köle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kühl"
      },
      "expansion": "German kühl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "køle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish køle",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kyla"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kyla",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "kylur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic kylur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chill"
      },
      "expansion": "English chill",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *gólis\nProto-Germanic *kaliz\nProto-West Germanic *kali\nOld Dutch [Term?]\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\nFrom Middle Dutch kille, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, related to Middle Dutch killen (“to be (ice) cold”).\nRelated also to German Low German Köle, German kühl, Danish køle, Swedish kyla, Icelandic kylur, and English chill.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het kilst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kilste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kils",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "killer"
      },
      "expansion": "kil (comparative killer, superlative kilst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kille"
      },
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "nl:Evil",
        "nl:Personality"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold-hearted, cold-blooded"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold-hearted",
          "cold-hearted"
        ],
        [
          "cold-blooded",
          "cold-blooded"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) cold-hearted, cold-blooded"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "nl:Temperature"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold, chilly (of temperatures, weather, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "chilly",
          "chilly"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literal) cold, chilly (of temperatures, weather, etc.)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg/Nl-kil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kil"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch archaic terms",
    "Dutch dialectal terms",
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with homophones",
    "Pages with 26 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɪl",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɪl/1 syllable"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:kille<id:riverbed>",
        "id": "kill",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der.\nProto-Germanic *kiljǭ\nProto-West Germanic *killjā\nOld Dutch *killa\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ǵi(H)-l-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵeyH-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kiljǭ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*killjā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"*killa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kille\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kil\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"kill\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"kil\" id=\"Dutch:_kill\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "kille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch kille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*killa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *killa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kiljǭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵeyH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ǵi(H)-l-der.\nProto-Germanic *kiljǭ\nProto-West Germanic *killjā\nOld Dutch *killa\nMiddle Dutch kille\nDutch kil\nFrom Middle Dutch kille, from Old Dutch *killa, from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to *kīnaną (“to crack, split”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "killen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "killetje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "kil f (plural killen, diminutive killetje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "archaic",
        "3": "or",
        "4": "dialect"
      },
      "expansion": "(archaic or dialect)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "nl:Landforms",
        "nl:Water"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kill, waterway on sandflats or mud flats"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ],
        [
          "waterway",
          "waterway"
        ],
        [
          "sandflat",
          "sandflat"
        ],
        [
          "mud flat",
          "mud flat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "creek, rivulet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "creek",
          "creek"
        ],
        [
          "rivulet",
          "rivulet"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg/Nl-kil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Nl-kil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "kill"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kil"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kil meaning in Dutch (12.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.