See keep in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "keep"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: keep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: keep"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*kēp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *kēp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kip"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kip",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "kip",
"t": "fetter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kip (“fetter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kipp-",
"t": "to cut, split"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kipp- (“to cut, split”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kipp-",
"t": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to split”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵey-",
"t": "to split, divide, geminate, sprout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split, divide, geminate, sprout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kēp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Keep",
"t": "score, notch, nick"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Keep</i> (“score, notch, nick”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċipp",
"t": "shaving, chip"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċipp (“shaving, chip”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *kēp, *kip, from Old Dutch *kip (compare Old Dutch kip (“fetter”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kipp- (“to cut, split”), from Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split, divide, geminate, sprout”). Cognate with Middle Low German kēp (\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”)), Old English ċipp (“shaving, chip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kepen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keepje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "keep f (plural kepen, diminutive keepje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"notch, carven mark"
],
"id": "en-keep-nl-noun-odGUFNDE",
"links": [
[
"notch",
"notch"
],
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inkeping"
},
{
"word": "kerf"
},
{
"word": "kip"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keːp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːp"
},
{
"homophone": "cape"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kepf",
"t": "bird of prey"
},
"expansion": "German Kepf (“bird of prey”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "keepfink",
"t": "bramblefinch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian keepfink (“bramblefinch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, but possibly related to German Kepf (“bird of prey”).\nWest Frisian keepfink (“bramblefinch”) is likely an adapted borrowing of the Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kepen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keepje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "keep m (plural kepen, diminutive keepje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "True finches",
"orig": "nl:True finches",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the brambling, Fringilla montifringilla"
],
"id": "en-keep-nl-noun-iKvw1RQY",
"links": [
[
"brambling",
"brambling"
],
[
"Fringilla montifringilla",
"Fringilla montifringilla#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keːp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːp"
},
{
"homophone": "cape"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keeper"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of keeper",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of keeper.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keeps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "keep m (plural keeps)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Ball games",
"orig": "nl:Ball games",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Football (soccer)",
"orig": "nl:Football (soccer)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 38 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of keeper"
],
"id": "en-keep-nl-noun-TYz6uqKw",
"links": [
[
"ball game",
"ball game"
],
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"keeper",
"keeper#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ball games, chiefly soccer, colloquial) Synonym of keeper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "keeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kip/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ip"
},
{
"homophone": "kiep"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch clippings",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːp",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ip"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "keep"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: keep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: keep"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*kēp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *kēp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kip"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kip",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "kip",
"t": "fetter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kip (“fetter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kipp-",
"t": "to cut, split"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kipp- (“to cut, split”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kipp-",
"t": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to split”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵey-",
"t": "to split, divide, geminate, sprout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split, divide, geminate, sprout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kēp",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Keep",
"t": "score, notch, nick"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Keep</i> (“score, notch, nick”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċipp",
"t": "shaving, chip"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċipp (“shaving, chip”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *kēp, *kip, from Old Dutch *kip (compare Old Dutch kip (“fetter”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kipp- (“to cut, split”), from Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split, divide, geminate, sprout”). Cognate with Middle Low German kēp (\"notch, incision\"; > German Low German Keep (“score, notch, nick”)), Old English ċipp (“shaving, chip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kepen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keepje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "keep f (plural kepen, diminutive keepje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"notch, carven mark"
],
"links": [
[
"notch",
"notch"
],
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inkeping"
},
{
"word": "kerf"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keːp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːp"
},
{
"homophone": "cape"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kip"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch clippings",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːp",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ip"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kepf",
"t": "bird of prey"
},
"expansion": "German Kepf (“bird of prey”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "keepfink",
"t": "bramblefinch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian keepfink (“bramblefinch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, but possibly related to German Kepf (“bird of prey”).\nWest Frisian keepfink (“bramblefinch”) is likely an adapted borrowing of the Dutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kepen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keepje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "keep m (plural kepen, diminutive keepje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:True finches"
],
"glosses": [
"the brambling, Fringilla montifringilla"
],
"links": [
[
"brambling",
"brambling"
],
[
"Fringilla montifringilla",
"Fringilla montifringilla#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keːp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːp"
},
{
"homophone": "cape"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch clippings",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ip"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keeper"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of keeper",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of keeper.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keeps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "keep m (plural keeps)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"keep"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch colloquialisms",
"nl:Ball games",
"nl:Football (soccer)"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of keeper"
],
"links": [
[
"ball game",
"ball game"
],
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"keeper",
"keeper#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ball games, chiefly soccer, colloquial) Synonym of keeper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "keeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kip/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ip"
},
{
"homophone": "kiep"
}
],
"word": "keep"
}
Download raw JSONL data for keep meaning in Dutch (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.