See handhaven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "handhaver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "handhaving"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "handhaaf"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "penegakan"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hanthaven",
"hanthaven#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"hanthaben",
"hanthaben#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"maintenir",
"maintenir#Old_French"
],
[
"manūteneō",
"manuteneo#Latin"
],
[
"handhave",
"handhave#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"handhaben",
"handhaben#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "hanthaven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hanthaven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "hanthaben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German hanthaben",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "maintenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French maintenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "manūteneō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin manūteneō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "handhave",
"3": "",
"4": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognate"
},
"expansion": "Cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "handhaben"
},
"expansion": "German handhaben",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch hanthaven, from Middle High German hanthaben, itself a calque from Old French maintenir, from Vulgar Latin manūteneō. Likely based also on Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”). Cognate with German handhaben.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handhave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handhavend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandhaafd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handhaven",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hand",
"ha",
"ven"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handhaaf",
"2": "handhave"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 43 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 28 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enforce, to maintain, to uphold"
],
"id": "en-handhaven-nl-verb-CzIbRfp1",
"links": [
[
"enforce",
"enforce"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to enforce, to maintain, to uphold"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 43 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 28 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to persevere with, to persist with/in"
],
"id": "en-handhaven-nl-verb-v6W9-f6h",
"links": [
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to persevere with, to persist with/in"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 43 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 28 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to remain in charge, to remain in place"
],
"id": "en-handhaven-nl-verb-~FiYSFwQ",
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"in place",
"in place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to remain in charge, to remain in place"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑntˌɦaː.və(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-handhaven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-handhaven.ogg/Nl-handhaven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-handhaven.ogg"
}
],
"word": "handhaven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "handhaver"
},
{
"word": "handhaving"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "handhaaf"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "penegakan"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hanthaven",
"hanthaven#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"hanthaben",
"hanthaben#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"maintenir",
"maintenir#Old_French"
],
[
"manūteneō",
"manuteneo#Latin"
],
[
"handhave",
"handhave#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"handhaben",
"handhaben#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "hanthaven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hanthaven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "hanthaben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German hanthaben",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "maintenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French maintenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "manūteneō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin manūteneō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "handhave",
"3": "",
"4": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognate"
},
"expansion": "Cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "handhaben"
},
"expansion": "German handhaben",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch hanthaven, from Middle High German hanthaben, itself a calque from Old French maintenir, from Vulgar Latin manūteneō. Likely based also on Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”). Cognate with German handhaben.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handhave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaafden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handhaaft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handhavend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandhaafd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handhaven",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hand",
"ha",
"ven"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handhaaf",
"2": "handhave"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to enforce, to maintain, to uphold"
],
"links": [
[
"enforce",
"enforce"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to enforce, to maintain, to uphold"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to persevere with, to persist with/in"
],
"links": [
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
],
[
"persist",
"persist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to persevere with, to persist with/in"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to remain in charge, to remain in place"
],
"links": [
[
"remain",
"remain"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"in place",
"in place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to remain in charge, to remain in place"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑntˌɦaː.və(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-handhaven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-handhaven.ogg/Nl-handhaven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-handhaven.ogg"
}
],
"word": "handhaven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for handhaven meaning in Dutch (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.