"fonkelen" meaning in Dutch

See fonkelen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/ Audio: Nl-fonkelen.ogg
Rhymes: -ɔŋkələn Etymology: Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch. Etymology templates: {{suffix|nl|vonken|-elen|pos2=iterative suffix|t1=to spark}} vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix), {{cog|dum||voncklen}} Middle Dutch voncklen, {{cal|nl|de|funkeln|nocap=1}} calque of German funkeln Head templates: {{nl-verb}} fonkelen Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|fonkel}} Forms: weak [table-tags], fonkelen [infinitive], fonkelen [gerund, neuter], fonkel [first-person, present, singular], fonkelde [first-person, past, singular], fonkelt [present, second-person, singular], fonkelde [past, second-person, singular], fonkelt [formal, present, second-person, singular], fonkelde [formal, past, second-person, singular], fonkelt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], fonkelt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], fonkelde [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], fonkelde [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], fonkelt [present, singular, third-person], fonkelde [past, singular, third-person], fonkelen [plural, present], fonkelden [past, plural], fonkele [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], fonkelde [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], fonkelen [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], fonkelden [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], fonkel [imperative, present, singular], fonkelt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], fonkelend [participle, present], gefonkeld [participle, past]
  1. (intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle Tags: intransitive Synonyms: vonkelen [uncommon] Related terms: vonk
    Sense id: en-fonkelen-nl-verb-PY1qx12b Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch terms suffixed with -elen

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for fonkelen meaning in Dutch (4.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "vonken",
        "3": "-elen",
        "pos2": "iterative suffix",
        "t1": "to spark"
      },
      "expansion": "vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "",
        "3": "voncklen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch voncklen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "funkeln",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of German funkeln",
      "name": "cal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkele",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gefonkeld",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fonkelen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fonkel"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -elen",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to twinkle, sparkle"
      ],
      "id": "en-fonkelen-nl-verb-PY1qx12b",
      "links": [
        [
          "twinkle",
          "twinkle"
        ],
        [
          "sparkle",
          "sparkle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "vonk"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "uncommon"
          ],
          "word": "vonkelen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔŋkələn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-fonkelen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg/Nl-fonkelen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fonkelen"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "vonken",
        "3": "-elen",
        "pos2": "iterative suffix",
        "t1": "to spark"
      },
      "expansion": "vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "",
        "3": "voncklen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch voncklen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "funkeln",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of German funkeln",
      "name": "cal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkele",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fonkelend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gefonkeld",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fonkelen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fonkel"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "vonk"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch basic verbs",
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch terms calqued from German",
        "Dutch terms derived from German",
        "Dutch terms suffixed with -elen",
        "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Dutch terms with audio links",
        "Dutch verbs",
        "Dutch weak verbs",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn/3 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to twinkle, sparkle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "twinkle",
          "twinkle"
        ],
        [
          "sparkle",
          "sparkle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔŋkələn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-fonkelen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg/Nl-fonkelen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "vonkelen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fonkelen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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