See fonkelen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "vonken", "3": "-elen", "pos2": "iterative suffix", "t1": "to spark" }, "expansion": "vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix)", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "dum", "2": "", "3": "voncklen" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch voncklen", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "de", "3": "funkeln", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "calque of German funkeln", "name": "cal" } ], "etymology_text": "Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "nl-conj-wk", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "neuter" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Flanders", "colloquial", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "formal", "majestic", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Flanders", "colloquial", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "formal", "majestic", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "fonkelden", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "fonkele", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "past", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelden", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "past", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "imperative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "fonkelend", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "gefonkeld", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "fonkelen", "name": "nl-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fonkel" }, "name": "nl-conj-wk" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -elen", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "to twinkle, sparkle" ], "id": "en-fonkelen-nl-verb-PY1qx12b", "links": [ [ "twinkle", "twinkle" ], [ "sparkle", "sparkle" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle" ], "related": [ { "word": "vonk" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "uncommon" ], "word": "vonkelen" } ], "tags": [ "intransitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/" }, { "audio": "Nl-fonkelen.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg/Nl-fonkelen.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔŋkələn" } ], "word": "fonkelen" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "vonken", "3": "-elen", "pos2": "iterative suffix", "t1": "to spark" }, "expansion": "vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix)", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "dum", "2": "", "3": "voncklen" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch voncklen", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "de", "3": "funkeln", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "calque of German funkeln", "name": "cal" } ], "etymology_text": "Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "nl-conj-wk", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "neuter" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Flanders", "colloquial", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "formal", "majestic", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "Flanders", "colloquial", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "formal", "majestic", "past", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "fonkelden", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "fonkele", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelde", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "past", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelen", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkelden", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "past", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fonkel", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "fonkelt", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "archaic", "imperative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "fonkelend", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "gefonkeld", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "fonkelen", "name": "nl-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fonkel" }, "name": "nl-conj-wk" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "vonk" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Dutch basic verbs", "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch intransitive verbs", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch terms calqued from German", "Dutch terms derived from German", "Dutch terms suffixed with -elen", "Dutch verbs", "Dutch weak verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɔŋkələn/3 syllables" ], "glosses": [ "to twinkle, sparkle" ], "links": [ [ "twinkle", "twinkle" ], [ "sparkle", "sparkle" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle" ], "tags": [ "intransitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/" }, { "audio": "Nl-fonkelen.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg/Nl-fonkelen.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Nl-fonkelen.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔŋkələn" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "uncommon" ], "word": "vonkelen" } ], "word": "fonkelen" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.