See bul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bulle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bulle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*bullo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *bullo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "English bull",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bulle, from Old Dutch *bullo, from Proto-Germanic *bulô. Cognate with English bull.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+",
"f": "koe"
},
"expansion": "bul m (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n, feminine koe)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bullebak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bulleboer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bullenpees"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 2 33 2 37 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "nl:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 1 27 1 27 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "nl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (male bovine, or one of certain other male mammals)"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-3TL8o0iU",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "bull",
"word": "stier"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"surly person"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-x424xqPB",
"links": [
[
"surly",
"surly"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "bùl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: bùl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: bùl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bulle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bulle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "bulla",
"4": "",
"5": "bull, decree"
},
"expansion": "Latin bulla (“bull, decree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bulle, from Latin bulla (“bull, decree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bulle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bul f (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 13 3 5 5 1 31 3 30 3 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 2 3 5 1 36 2 36 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 44 2 42 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 33 2 37 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "nl:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"great seal affixed to certain documents, notably charters from reigning princes and certain dignitaries"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-1-lJ~HtF",
"links": [
[
"great seal",
"great seal"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"such charter"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-DvYkaRDd",
"links": [
[
"charter",
"charter"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 13 3 5 5 1 31 3 30 3 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 2 3 5 1 36 2 36 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 44 2 42 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 33 2 37 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "nl:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"specifically, a papal bull"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-P8m7zqU3",
"links": [
[
"papal bull",
"papal bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bul f (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trinket, object of little value"
],
"id": "en-bul-nl-noun-L5ZFnfap",
"links": [
[
"trinket",
"trinket"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl/1 syllable",
"nl:Cattle",
"nl:Male animals"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bulle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bulle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*bullo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *bullo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "English bull",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bulle, from Old Dutch *bullo, from Proto-Germanic *bulô. Cognate with English bull.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+",
"f": "koe"
},
"expansion": "bul m (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n, feminine koe)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bullebak"
},
{
"word": "bulleboer"
},
{
"word": "bullenpees"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull (male bovine, or one of certain other male mammals)"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"surly person"
],
"links": [
[
"surly",
"surly"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bull",
"word": "stier"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl/1 syllable",
"nl:Cattle",
"nl:Male animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "bùl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: bùl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: bùl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bulle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bulle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "bulla",
"4": "",
"5": "bull, decree"
},
"expansion": "Latin bulla (“bull, decree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bulle, from Latin bulla (“bull, decree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bulle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bul f (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"great seal affixed to certain documents, notably charters from reigning princes and certain dignitaries"
],
"links": [
[
"great seal",
"great seal"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"such charter"
],
"links": [
[
"charter",
"charter"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"specifically, a papal bull"
],
"links": [
[
"papal bull",
"papal bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏl/1 syllable",
"nl:Cattle",
"nl:Male animals"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bul f (plural bullen, diminutive bulletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bul"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trinket, object of little value"
],
"links": [
[
"trinket",
"trinket"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʏl/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg/Nl-bul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-bul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏl"
}
],
"word": "bul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bul meaning in Dutch (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.