"bestoken" meaning in Dutch

See bestoken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bəˈstoːkə(n)/ Audio: Nl-bestoken.ogg
Rhymes: -oːkən Etymology: From Middle Dutch bestoken. Equivalent to be- + stoken. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|bestoken}} Middle Dutch bestoken, {{prefix|nl|be|stoken}} be- + stoken Head templates: {{nl-verb}} bestoken Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|stook|stoke|pref=be}} Forms: weak [table-tags], bestoken [infinitive], bestoken [gerund, neuter], bestook [first-person, present, singular], bestookte [first-person, past, singular], bestookt [present, second-person, singular], bestook [present, second-person, singular], bestookte [past, second-person, singular], bestookt [formal, present, second-person, singular], bestookte [formal, past, second-person, singular], bestookt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], bestookt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], bestookte [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], bestookte [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], bestookt [present, singular, third-person], bestookte [past, singular, third-person], bestoken [plural, present], bestookten [past, plural], bestoke [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], bestookte [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], bestoken [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], bestookten [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], bestook [imperative, present, singular], bestookt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], bestokend [participle, present], bestookt [participle, past]
  1. (transitive) to attack, to shoot at Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bestoken-nl-verb-YxwEc5yp Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch prefixed verbs with be-, Dutch terms prefixed with be-, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 17 46 37 Disambiguation of Dutch prefixed verbs with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Dutch terms prefixed with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35
  2. (transitive) to shell, to bombard Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bestoken-nl-verb-gPTKP3lz Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch prefixed verbs with be-, Dutch terms prefixed with be-, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 17 46 37 Disambiguation of Dutch prefixed verbs with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Dutch terms prefixed with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35
  3. (transitive) to plague, to harass Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bestoken-nl-verb-xhmJWkSd Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch prefixed verbs with be-, Dutch terms prefixed with be-, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 17 46 37 Disambiguation of Dutch prefixed verbs with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Dutch terms prefixed with be-: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 29 35 36 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bestoking

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bestoking"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bestoken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bestoken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "stoken"
      },
      "expansion": "be- + stoken",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bestoken. Equivalent to be- + stoken.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestokend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bestoken",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "be",
        "sto",
        "ken"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stook",
        "2": "stoke",
        "pref": "be"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 46 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to attack, to shoot at"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestoken-nl-verb-YxwEc5yp",
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "shoot",
          "shoot"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to attack, to shoot at"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 46 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shell, to bombard"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestoken-nl-verb-gPTKP3lz",
      "links": [
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ],
        [
          "bombard",
          "bombard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shell, to bombard"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 46 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plague, to harass"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestoken-nl-verb-xhmJWkSd",
      "links": [
        [
          "plague",
          "plague"
        ],
        [
          "harass",
          "harass"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to plague, to harass"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəˈstoːkə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-bestoken.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-bestoken.ogg/Nl-bestoken.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-bestoken.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːkən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestoken"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch prefixed verbs",
    "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
    "Dutch verbs",
    "Dutch weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːkən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːkən/3 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bestoking"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "bestoken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch bestoken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "be",
        "3": "stoken"
      },
      "expansion": "be- + stoken",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bestoken. Equivalent to be- + stoken.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestoken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestook",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestokend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestookt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bestoken",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "be",
        "sto",
        "ken"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stook",
        "2": "stoke",
        "pref": "be"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to attack, to shoot at"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "shoot",
          "shoot"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to attack, to shoot at"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shell, to bombard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ],
        [
          "bombard",
          "bombard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shell, to bombard"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plague, to harass"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plague",
          "plague"
        ],
        [
          "harass",
          "harass"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to plague, to harass"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəˈstoːkə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-bestoken.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-bestoken.ogg/Nl-bestoken.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-bestoken.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːkən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestoken"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bestoken meaning in Dutch (4.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.