See besteken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"bestēken",
"besteken#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"be-",
"be-#Dutch"
],
[
"steken",
"steken#Dutch"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bestēken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bestēken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "be",
"3": "steken"
},
"expansion": "be- + steken",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bestēken. Equivalent to be- + steken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaakt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaakt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besteke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestekend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestoken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besteken",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"be",
"ste",
"ken"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "steek",
"2": "stak",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "steke",
"5": "stake",
"6": "staakt",
"class": "4",
"pref": "be"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stab"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-EMGR7XCZ",
"links": [
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stab"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to attack by stabbing"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-IxLPcQao",
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to attack by stabbing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to attach by stabbing"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-U9cufdhA",
"links": [
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to attach by stabbing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grant, to gift"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-P110Y~zG",
"links": [
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Southern) to grant, to gift"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to devise, to plot"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-gOkTvqeV",
"links": [
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) to devise, to plot"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 6 7 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 17 16 16 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 17 16 16 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 5 6 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 5 6 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to restrict, bar, fence off"
],
"id": "en-besteken-nl-verb-YT~KZzer",
"links": [
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"fence off",
"fence off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to restrict, bar, fence off"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbəˈsteː.kə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-besteken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Nl-besteken.ogg/Nl-besteken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Nl-besteken.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːkən"
}
],
"word": "besteken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch class 4 strong verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixed verbs",
"Dutch prefixed verbs with be-",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms prefixed with be-",
"Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːkən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/eːkən/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bestēken",
"besteken#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"be-",
"be-#Dutch"
],
[
"steken",
"steken#Dutch"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bestēken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bestēken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "be",
"3": "steken"
},
"expansion": "be- + steken",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bestēken. Equivalent to be- + steken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaakt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaakt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bestak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besteke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bestaken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "besteek",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besteekt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestekend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bestoken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besteken",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"be",
"ste",
"ken"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "steek",
"2": "stak",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "steke",
"5": "stake",
"6": "staakt",
"class": "4",
"pref": "be"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stab"
],
"links": [
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stab"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to attack by stabbing"
],
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to attack by stabbing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to attach by stabbing"
],
"links": [
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to attach by stabbing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs",
"Southern Dutch"
],
"glosses": [
"to grant, to gift"
],
"links": [
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Southern) to grant, to gift"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with rare senses",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to devise, to plot"
],
"links": [
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) to devise, to plot"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to restrict, bar, fence off"
],
"links": [
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"fence off",
"fence off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to restrict, bar, fence off"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌbəˈsteː.kə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-besteken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Nl-besteken.ogg/Nl-besteken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Nl-besteken.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːkən"
}
],
"word": "besteken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for besteken meaning in Dutch (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.