"轉化" meaning in Chinese

See 轉化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/, /t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/, /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/, /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/, /t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/, /t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ Chinese transliterations: zhuǎnhuà [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zyun² faa³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], choán-hòa, zhuǎnhuà [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], jhuǎnhuà [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chuan³-hua⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], jwǎn-hwà [Mandarin, Yale], joanhuah [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], чжуаньхуа [Mandarin, Palladius], čžuanʹxua [Mandarin, Palladius], jyún fa [Cantonese, Yale], dzyn² faa³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], jun² fa³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], choán-hòa [Hokkien, POJ], tsuán-huà [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zoafnhoax [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 转化
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 轉化
  1. (Taiwan, literature) analogy; metaphor Tags: Taiwan Categories (topical): Literature Synonyms: 比擬/比拟 (bǐnǐ), 比擬 (bǐnǐ), 比拟 (bǐnǐ)
    Sense id: en-轉化-zh-noun-7BfzJJP9 Categories (other): Taiwanese Chinese, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Intermediate Mandarin, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 74 20 6 Disambiguation of Intermediate Mandarin: 71 16 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 66 24 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 66 24 10 Topics: literature, media, publishing

Verb

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/, /t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/, /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/, /t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/, /t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/, /t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/ Chinese transliterations: zhuǎnhuà [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zyun² faa³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], choán-hòa, zhuǎnhuà [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], jhuǎnhuà [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chuan³-hua⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], jwǎn-hwà [Mandarin, Yale], joanhuah [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], чжуаньхуа [Mandarin, Palladius], čžuanʹxua [Mandarin, Palladius], jyún fa [Cantonese, Yale], dzyn² faa³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], jun² fa³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], choán-hòa [Hokkien, POJ], tsuán-huà [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zoafnhoax [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 转化
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 轉化
  1. (intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-轉化-zh-verb-ZOOj9ieq
  2. (transitive) to change (something in some way); to transform Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-轉化-zh-verb-prs081Jj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 改變 (gǎibiàn), 改变 (gǎibiàn), (biàn), (biàn), 變化 (biànhuà), 变化 (biànhuà), 變易 (biànyì), 变易 (biànyì), 變遷 (biànqiān) (english: of major, long-term changes), 变迁 (biànqiān) (english: of major, long-term changes), 變革 (biàngé) (english: chiefly of social systems), 变革 (biàngé) (english: chiefly of social systems), 轉型 (zhuǎnxíng), 转型 (zhuǎnxíng), 轉移 (zhuǎnyí) (english: of a quality) [character, usually], 转移 (zhuǎnyí) (english: of a quality) [character, usually], 轉變 (zhuǎnbiàn), 转变 (zhuǎnbiàn), 革變 (gébiàn) [literary], 革变 (gébiàn) [literary], 修改 (xiūgǎi), 切換 (qiēhuàn), 切换 (qiēhuàn), 改動 (gǎidòng), 改动 (gǎidòng), 改換 (gǎihuàn), 改换 (gǎihuàn), 改觀 (gǎiguān) (english: to change appearance, to change one's view), 改观 (gǎiguān) (english: to change appearance, to change one's view), 改造 (gǎizào), 更動 (gēngdòng), 更动 (gēngdòng), 更換 (gēnghuàn), 更换 (gēnghuàn), 更改 (gēnggǎi), 游移 (yóuyí), (yí), 移易 (yíyì) [literary], (cuàn) (english: to revise text) [in-compounds, literary], (cuàn) (english: to revise text) [in-compounds, literary], 竄亂 (cuànluàn) [literary], 窜乱 (cuànluàn) [literary], 變換 (biànhuàn), 变换 (biànhuàn), 變更 (biàngēng), 变更 (biàngēng), 變變 [Hokkien], 变变 [Hokkien], 變革 (biàngé) (english: chiefly social systems), 变革 (biàngé) (english: chiefly social systems), 轉換 (zhuǎnhuàn), 转换 (zhuǎnhuàn), (qiān), (qiān)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "轉化"
          },
          "expansion": "轉化",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "転%化",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "転(てん)化(か) (tenka)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "전화(轉化)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "chuyển hoá",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "轉化"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "轉化",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "3": "전화",
            "4": "chuyển hoá",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "轉化",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "轉化",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "転%化",
            "v": "轉化",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "3": "전화",
            "4": "chuyển hoá",
            "j": "転%化"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "转化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "轉化",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to change (by itself); to transform"
      ],
      "id": "en-轉化-zh-verb-ZOOj9ieq",
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "transform",
          "transform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to change (something in some way); to transform"
      ],
      "id": "en-轉化-zh-verb-prs081Jj",
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "transform",
          "transform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to change (something in some way); to transform"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zyun² faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chuan³-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jwǎn-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "joanhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжуаньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžuanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyún fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyn² faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jun² fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuán-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoafnhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎibiàn",
      "word": "改變"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎibiàn",
      "word": "改变"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biàn",
      "word": "變"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biàn",
      "word": "变"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànhuà",
      "word": "變化"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànhuà",
      "word": "变化"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànyì",
      "word": "變易"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànyì",
      "word": "变易"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "of major, long-term changes",
      "roman": "biànqiān",
      "word": "變遷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "of major, long-term changes",
      "roman": "biànqiān",
      "word": "变迁"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "chiefly of social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "變革"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "chiefly of social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "变革"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnxíng",
      "word": "轉型"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnxíng",
      "word": "转型"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "of a quality",
      "roman": "zhuǎnyí",
      "tags": [
        "character",
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "轉移"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "of a quality",
      "roman": "zhuǎnyí",
      "tags": [
        "character",
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "转移"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnbiàn",
      "word": "轉變"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnbiàn",
      "word": "转变"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gébiàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "革變"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gébiàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "革变"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiūgǎi",
      "word": "修改"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiēhuàn",
      "word": "切換"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiēhuàn",
      "word": "切换"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎidòng",
      "word": "改動"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎidòng",
      "word": "改动"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎihuàn",
      "word": "改換"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎihuàn",
      "word": "改换"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to change appearance, to change one's view",
      "roman": "gǎiguān",
      "word": "改觀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to change appearance, to change one's view",
      "roman": "gǎiguān",
      "word": "改观"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gǎizào",
      "word": "改造"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēngdòng",
      "word": "更動"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēngdòng",
      "word": "更动"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēnghuàn",
      "word": "更換"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēnghuàn",
      "word": "更换"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gēnggǎi",
      "word": "更改"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yóuyí",
      "word": "游移"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yí",
      "word": "移"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yíyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "移易"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to revise text",
      "roman": "cuàn",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "竄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to revise text",
      "roman": "cuàn",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuànluàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "竄亂"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuànluàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窜乱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànhuàn",
      "word": "變換"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biànhuàn",
      "word": "变换"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biàngēng",
      "word": "變更"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "biàngēng",
      "word": "变更"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "變變"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "变变"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "chiefly social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "變革"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "chiefly social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "变革"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnhuàn",
      "word": "轉換"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhuǎnhuàn",
      "word": "转换"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiān",
      "word": "遷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiān",
      "word": "迁"
    }
  ],
  "word": "轉化"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "转化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "轉化",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Literature",
          "orig": "zh:Literature",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Entertainment",
            "Writing",
            "Society",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 16 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 24 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 24 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "analogy; metaphor"
      ],
      "id": "en-轉化-zh-noun-7BfzJJP9",
      "links": [
        [
          "literature",
          "literature"
        ],
        [
          "analogy",
          "analogy"
        ],
        [
          "metaphor",
          "metaphor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan, literature) analogy; metaphor"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "bǐnǐ",
          "word": "比擬/比拟"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bǐnǐ",
          "word": "比擬"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bǐnǐ",
          "word": "比拟"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zyun² faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chuan³-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jwǎn-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "joanhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжуаньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžuanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyún fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyn² faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jun² fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuán-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoafnhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "轉化"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 化",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 轉",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Intermediate Mandarin",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "轉化"
          },
          "expansion": "轉化",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "転%化",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "転(てん)化(か) (tenka)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "전화(轉化)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "chuyển hoá",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "轉化"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "轉化",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "3": "전화",
            "4": "chuyển hoá",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "轉化",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "轉化",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "転%化",
            "v": "轉化",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "てん%か",
            "3": "전화",
            "4": "chuyển hoá",
            "j": "転%化"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (轉化):\n* → Japanese: 転(てん)化(か) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 전화(轉化) (jeonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: chuyển hoá (轉化)"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "转化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "轉化",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to change (by itself); to transform"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "transform",
          "transform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to change (something in some way); to transform"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "transform",
          "transform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to change (something in some way); to transform"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zyun² faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chuan³-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jwǎn-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "joanhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжуаньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžuanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyún fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyn² faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jun² fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuán-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoafnhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "gǎibiàn",
      "word": "改變"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎibiàn",
      "word": "改变"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biàn",
      "word": "變"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biàn",
      "word": "变"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànhuà",
      "word": "變化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànhuà",
      "word": "变化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànyì",
      "word": "變易"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànyì",
      "word": "变易"
    },
    {
      "english": "of major, long-term changes",
      "roman": "biànqiān",
      "word": "變遷"
    },
    {
      "english": "of major, long-term changes",
      "roman": "biànqiān",
      "word": "变迁"
    },
    {
      "english": "chiefly of social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "變革"
    },
    {
      "english": "chiefly of social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "变革"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnxíng",
      "word": "轉型"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnxíng",
      "word": "转型"
    },
    {
      "english": "of a quality",
      "roman": "zhuǎnyí",
      "tags": [
        "character",
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "轉移"
    },
    {
      "english": "of a quality",
      "roman": "zhuǎnyí",
      "tags": [
        "character",
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "转移"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnbiàn",
      "word": "轉變"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnbiàn",
      "word": "转变"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gébiàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "革變"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gébiàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "革变"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiūgǎi",
      "word": "修改"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiēhuàn",
      "word": "切換"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiēhuàn",
      "word": "切换"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎidòng",
      "word": "改動"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎidòng",
      "word": "改动"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎihuàn",
      "word": "改換"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎihuàn",
      "word": "改换"
    },
    {
      "english": "to change appearance, to change one's view",
      "roman": "gǎiguān",
      "word": "改觀"
    },
    {
      "english": "to change appearance, to change one's view",
      "roman": "gǎiguān",
      "word": "改观"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎizào",
      "word": "改造"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēngdòng",
      "word": "更動"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēngdòng",
      "word": "更动"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēnghuàn",
      "word": "更換"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēnghuàn",
      "word": "更换"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gēnggǎi",
      "word": "更改"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yóuyí",
      "word": "游移"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yí",
      "word": "移"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yíyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "移易"
    },
    {
      "english": "to revise text",
      "roman": "cuàn",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "竄"
    },
    {
      "english": "to revise text",
      "roman": "cuàn",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuànluàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "竄亂"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuànluàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窜乱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànhuàn",
      "word": "變換"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biànhuàn",
      "word": "变换"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biàngēng",
      "word": "變更"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biàngēng",
      "word": "变更"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "變變"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "变变"
    },
    {
      "english": "chiefly social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "變革"
    },
    {
      "english": "chiefly social systems",
      "roman": "biàngé",
      "word": "变革"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnhuàn",
      "word": "轉換"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhuǎnhuàn",
      "word": "转换"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiān",
      "word": "遷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiān",
      "word": "迁"
    }
  ],
  "word": "轉化"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 化",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 轉",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Intermediate Mandarin",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "转化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "轉化",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Taiwanese Chinese",
        "zh:Literature"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "analogy; metaphor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "literature",
          "literature"
        ],
        [
          "analogy",
          "analogy"
        ],
        [
          "metaphor",
          "metaphor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwan, literature) analogy; metaphor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zyun² faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhuǎnhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chuan³-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jwǎn-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "joanhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжуаньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžuanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyún fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyn² faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jun² fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "choán-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuán-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoafnhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡syːn³⁵ faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "bǐnǐ",
      "word": "比擬/比拟"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐnǐ",
      "word": "比擬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐnǐ",
      "word": "比拟"
    }
  ],
  "word": "轉化"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 轉化 meaning in Chinese (10.3kB)

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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "轉化"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "轉化"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "轉化"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "轉化"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "轉化"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "轉化",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.