See 序言 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "序言"
},
"expansion": "序言",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "序言",
"2": "じょげん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "序言(じょげん) (jogen)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "서언(序言)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "序言",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "序言",
"2": "じょげん",
"3": "서언",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "序言",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "序言",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "序言",
"v": "序言",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "じょげん",
"3": "서언"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "敘言"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "序言",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"preface; foreword; introductory remarks; preamble; prelude"
],
"id": "en-序言-zh-noun-d22kVG1P",
"links": [
[
"preface",
"preface"
],
[
"foreword",
"foreword"
],
[
"introductory",
"introductory"
],
[
"remark",
"remark"
],
[
"preamble",
"preamble"
],
[
"prelude",
"prelude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "qiánxù",
"word": "前序"
},
{
"roman": "qiányán",
"word": "前言"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjì",
"word": "前記"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjì",
"word": "前记"
},
{
"roman": "juànshǒuyǔ",
"word": "卷首語"
},
{
"roman": "juànshǒuyǔ",
"word": "卷首语"
},
{
"roman": "dǎoyán",
"word": "導言"
},
{
"roman": "dǎoyán",
"word": "导言"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎoxù",
"word": "小序"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎoyǐn",
"word": "小引"
},
{
"roman": "xù",
"word": "序"
},
{
"roman": "xùwén",
"word": "序文"
},
{
"roman": "biànyán",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弁言"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnyán",
"word": "引言"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "抐話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "抐话头"
},
{
"english": "to a new periodical",
"roman": "fākāncí",
"word": "發刊詞"
},
{
"english": "to a new periodical",
"roman": "fākāncí",
"word": "发刊词"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnxù",
"word": "短序"
},
{
"roman": "xùyán",
"word": "緒言"
},
{
"roman": "xùyán",
"word": "绪言"
},
{
"roman": "xùlùn",
"word": "緒論"
},
{
"roman": "xùlùn",
"word": "绪论"
},
{
"english": "by the author",
"roman": "zìxù",
"word": "自序"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "话头"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "踏話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "踏话头"
},
{
"roman": "kāichǎngbái",
"word": "開場白"
},
{
"roman": "kāichǎngbái",
"word": "开场白"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭序"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头序"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeoi⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶zhiu-yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "xùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "syùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hsü⁴-yen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "syù-yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "shiuhyan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "сюйянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "sjujjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕy⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeoi⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeuih yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoey⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "zêu⁶ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɯ²² ɡiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "suxgieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/su²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "sixgaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶zhiu-yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "zhiu^去 yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³xxy-hhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ʑy²² ɦi⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ sū-giân /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕy⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɯ²² ɡiɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʑy²² ɦi⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "序言"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "序言"
},
"expansion": "序言",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "序言",
"2": "じょげん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "序言(じょげん) (jogen)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "서언(序言)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "序言",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "序言",
"2": "じょげん",
"3": "서언",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "序言",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "序言",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "序言",
"v": "序言",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "じょげん",
"3": "서언"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (序言):\n* → Japanese: 序言(じょげん) (jogen)\n* → Korean: 서언(序言) (seo'eon)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "敘言"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "序言",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Cantonese terms with homophones",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 序",
"Chinese terms spelled with 言",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"preface; foreword; introductory remarks; preamble; prelude"
],
"links": [
[
"preface",
"preface"
],
[
"foreword",
"foreword"
],
[
"introductory",
"introductory"
],
[
"remark",
"remark"
],
[
"preamble",
"preamble"
],
[
"prelude",
"prelude"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeoi⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶zhiu-yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "xùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩˋ ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "syùyán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hsü⁴-yen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "syù-yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "shiuhyan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "сюйянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "sjujjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕy⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeoi⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeuih yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoey⁶ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "zêu⁶ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sǐr-giân"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɯ²² ɡiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sū-giân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "suxgieen"
},
{
"ipa": "/su²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sī-gân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "sixgaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶zhiu-yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "zhiu^去 yi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³xxy-hhi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ʑy²² ɦi⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/ sū-giân /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕy⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɯ²² ɡiɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/su²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʑy²² ɦi⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "qiánxù",
"word": "前序"
},
{
"roman": "qiányán",
"word": "前言"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjì",
"word": "前記"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjì",
"word": "前记"
},
{
"roman": "juànshǒuyǔ",
"word": "卷首語"
},
{
"roman": "juànshǒuyǔ",
"word": "卷首语"
},
{
"roman": "dǎoyán",
"word": "導言"
},
{
"roman": "dǎoyán",
"word": "导言"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎoxù",
"word": "小序"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎoyǐn",
"word": "小引"
},
{
"roman": "xù",
"word": "序"
},
{
"roman": "xùwén",
"word": "序文"
},
{
"roman": "biànyán",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弁言"
},
{
"roman": "yǐnyán",
"word": "引言"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "抐話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "抐话头"
},
{
"english": "to a new periodical",
"roman": "fākāncí",
"word": "發刊詞"
},
{
"english": "to a new periodical",
"roman": "fākāncí",
"word": "发刊词"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnxù",
"word": "短序"
},
{
"roman": "xùyán",
"word": "緒言"
},
{
"roman": "xùyán",
"word": "绪言"
},
{
"roman": "xùlùn",
"word": "緒論"
},
{
"roman": "xùlùn",
"word": "绪论"
},
{
"english": "by the author",
"roman": "zìxù",
"word": "自序"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "话头"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "踏話頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "踏话头"
},
{
"roman": "kāichǎngbái",
"word": "開場白"
},
{
"roman": "kāichǎngbái",
"word": "开场白"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭序"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头序"
}
],
"word": "序言"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 序言 meaning in Chinese (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": "started on line 22, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%BA%8F%E6%96%87'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"序言"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "序言",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.