See 論理 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 0 21 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 30 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 8 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 5 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reason with; to bring round"
],
"id": "en-論理-zh-verb-yqez-1x1",
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"bring round",
"bring round"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zhēngbiàn shìfēi",
"word": "爭辯是非"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngbiàn shìfēi",
"word": "争辩是非"
},
{
"roman": "shuōlǐ",
"word": "說理"
},
{
"roman": "shuōlǐ",
"word": "说理"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎng dàolǐ",
"word": "講道理"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎng dàolǐ",
"word": "讲道理"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"normally; should"
],
"id": "en-論理-zh-adv-FC0Y-WZg",
"links": [
[
"normally",
"normally"
],
[
"should",
"should"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ànlǐ",
"word": "按理"
},
{
"roman": "ànlǐshuō",
"word": "按理說"
},
{
"roman": "ànlǐshuō",
"word": "按理说"
},
{
"roman": "ànshuō",
"word": "按說"
},
{
"roman": "ànshuō",
"word": "按说"
},
{
"roman": "zhàolǐ",
"word": "照理"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "照紀綱"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "照纪纲"
},
{
"roman": "lùnshuō",
"word": "論說"
},
{
"roman": "lùnshuō",
"word": "论说"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lùnlǐxué",
"word": "論理學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lùnlǐxué",
"word": "论理学"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Guo Moruo, 《文藝論集•論中德文化書》",
"roman": "Zhèzhǒng máodùn de lùnlǐ, fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng xìnfú, yì fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng shíxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這種矛盾的論理，非我輩所能信服，亦非我輩所能實行。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Guo Moruo, 《文藝論集•論中德文化書》",
"roman": "Zhèzhǒng máodùn de lùnlǐ, fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng xìnfú, yì fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng shíxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这种矛盾的论理，非我辈所能信服，亦非我辈所能实行。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"theory"
],
"id": "en-論理-zh-noun-9Dl7SAXg",
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[M. Hamel] went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world - the clearest, the most logical.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1912, Hu Shih (胡適), translator. Translation of La Dernière Classe by Alphonse Daudet into the Chinese as 《割地》.",
"roman": "Tā shuō wǒmen Fǎguó de wénzì zěnme hǎo, shuō shì tiānxià zuìměi zuìmíngbái zuìhé lùnlǐ de wénzì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他說我們法國的文字怎麼好，說是天下最美最明白最合論理的文字。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[M. Hamel] went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world - the clearest, the most logical.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1912, Hu Shih (胡適), translator. Translation of La Dernière Classe by Alphonse Daudet into the Chinese as 《割地》.",
"roman": "Tā shuō wǒmen Fǎguó de wénzì zěnme hǎo, shuō shì tiānxià zuìměi zuìmíngbái zuìhé lùnlǐ de wénzì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他说我们法国的文字怎么好，说是天下最美最明白最合论理的文字。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "At this stage, people cannot as yet form concepts, which are deeper, or draw logical conclusions.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Zài zhège jiēduàn zhōng, rénmen hái bùnéng zàochéng shēnkè de gàiniàn, zuòchū héhū lùnlǐ (jí héhū luójí) de jiélùn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在這個階段中，人們還不能造成深刻的概念，作出合乎論理（即合乎邏輯）的結論。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "At this stage, people cannot as yet form concepts, which are deeper, or draw logical conclusions.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Zài zhège jiēduàn zhōng, rénmen hái bùnéng zàochéng shēnkè de gàiniàn, zuòchū héhū lùnlǐ (jí héhū luójí) de jiélùn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在这个阶段中，人们还不能造成深刻的概念，作出合乎论理（即合乎逻辑）的结论。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"logic"
],
"id": "en-論理-zh-noun-COThw04o",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) logic"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xuéshuō",
"word": "學說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xuéshuō",
"word": "学说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐniàn",
"word": "理念"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐxiǎng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "理想"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐlùn",
"word": "理論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐlùn",
"word": "理论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "luójí",
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "邏輯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "luójí",
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "逻辑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐzé",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "理則"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǐzé",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "理则"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 理",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese adverbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese adverbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to reason with; to bring round"
],
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"bring round",
"bring round"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zhēngbiàn shìfēi",
"word": "爭辯是非"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngbiàn shìfēi",
"word": "争辩是非"
},
{
"roman": "shuōlǐ",
"word": "說理"
},
{
"roman": "shuōlǐ",
"word": "说理"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎng dàolǐ",
"word": "講道理"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎng dàolǐ",
"word": "讲道理"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 理",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese adverbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese adverbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"normally; should"
],
"links": [
[
"normally",
"normally"
],
[
"should",
"should"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ànlǐ",
"word": "按理"
},
{
"roman": "ànlǐshuō",
"word": "按理說"
},
{
"roman": "ànlǐshuō",
"word": "按理说"
},
{
"roman": "ànshuō",
"word": "按說"
},
{
"roman": "ànshuō",
"word": "按说"
},
{
"roman": "zhàolǐ",
"word": "照理"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "照紀綱"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "照纪纲"
},
{
"roman": "lùnshuō",
"word": "論說"
},
{
"roman": "lùnshuō",
"word": "论说"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 理",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese adverbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese adverbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "lùnlǐxué",
"word": "論理學"
},
{
"roman": "lùnlǐxué",
"word": "论理学"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论理",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "論理",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Guo Moruo, 《文藝論集•論中德文化書》",
"roman": "Zhèzhǒng máodùn de lùnlǐ, fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng xìnfú, yì fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng shíxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這種矛盾的論理，非我輩所能信服，亦非我輩所能實行。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Guo Moruo, 《文藝論集•論中德文化書》",
"roman": "Zhèzhǒng máodùn de lùnlǐ, fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng xìnfú, yì fēi wǒbèi suǒ néng shíxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这种矛盾的论理，非我辈所能信服，亦非我辈所能实行。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"theory"
],
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[M. Hamel] went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world - the clearest, the most logical.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1912, Hu Shih (胡適), translator. Translation of La Dernière Classe by Alphonse Daudet into the Chinese as 《割地》.",
"roman": "Tā shuō wǒmen Fǎguó de wénzì zěnme hǎo, shuō shì tiānxià zuìměi zuìmíngbái zuìhé lùnlǐ de wénzì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他說我們法國的文字怎麼好，說是天下最美最明白最合論理的文字。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[M. Hamel] went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world - the clearest, the most logical.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1912, Hu Shih (胡適), translator. Translation of La Dernière Classe by Alphonse Daudet into the Chinese as 《割地》.",
"roman": "Tā shuō wǒmen Fǎguó de wénzì zěnme hǎo, shuō shì tiānxià zuìměi zuìmíngbái zuìhé lùnlǐ de wénzì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他说我们法国的文字怎么好，说是天下最美最明白最合论理的文字。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "At this stage, people cannot as yet form concepts, which are deeper, or draw logical conclusions.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Zài zhège jiēduàn zhōng, rénmen hái bùnéng zàochéng shēnkè de gàiniàn, zuòchū héhū lùnlǐ (jí héhū luójí) de jiélùn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在這個階段中，人們還不能造成深刻的概念，作出合乎論理（即合乎邏輯）的結論。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "At this stage, people cannot as yet form concepts, which are deeper, or draw logical conclusions.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Zài zhège jiēduàn zhōng, rénmen hái bùnéng zàochéng shēnkè de gàiniàn, zuòchū héhū lùnlǐ (jí héhū luójí) de jiélùn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在这个阶段中，人们还不能造成深刻的概念，作出合乎论理（即合乎逻辑）的结论。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"logic"
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) logic"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄧˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lung⁶ li²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnlǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-li³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-lǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennlii"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньли"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹli"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn léih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ lei⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ léi⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnlie"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lŭng lí"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lwonH|lwon liX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[r]ˤu[n]-s|[r]ˤu[n] m(ə).rəʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² lei̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ruːns|ruːn rɯʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xuéshuō",
"word": "學說"
},
{
"roman": "xuéshuō",
"word": "学说"
},
{
"roman": "lǐniàn",
"word": "理念"
},
{
"roman": "lǐxiǎng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "理想"
},
{
"roman": "lǐlùn",
"word": "理論"
},
{
"roman": "lǐlùn",
"word": "理论"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "說"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "说"
},
{
"roman": "luójí",
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "邏輯"
},
{
"roman": "luójí",
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "逻辑"
},
{
"roman": "lǐzé",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "理則"
},
{
"roman": "lǐzé",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "理则"
}
],
"word": "論理"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 論理 meaning in Chinese (14.8kB)
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"path": [
"論理"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"論理"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"論理"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E7%88%AD%E8%BE%AF%E6%98%AF%E9%9D%9E'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"論理"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%8C%89%E7%90%86'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"論理"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"論理"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "論理",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.