"城市" meaning in Chinese

See 城市 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ [Dungan, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/ [Hokkien, Kinmen], /siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/ [Hokkien, Singapore], /siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/, /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/, /sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/, /saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/, /saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/, /siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/, /siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/, /siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/, /siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/, /siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/, /siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/, /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/, /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/, /sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/, /zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: chéngshì [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], чыншы [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], čɨnšɨ [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], I-III [Cyrillic, Dungan, Mandarin, Wiktionary-specific], sing⁴ si⁵ [Cantonese, Jyutping], sàng-sṳ [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], sang² si⁴ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], siàng-chê, siâⁿ-chhī [Hokkien, POJ], siâⁿ-chhǐ [Hokkien, POJ], sian⁵ ci⁶ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁶zen-zy, chéngshì [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], chéngshìh [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], chʻêng²-shih⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], chéng-shr̀ [Mandarin, Yale, standard], cherngshyh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], чэнши [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], čɛnši [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], sìhng síh [Cantonese, Yale], sing⁴ si⁵ [Cantonese, Pinyin], xing⁴ xi⁵ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], sàng-sṳ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], sangˇ sii [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], sang² si⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], siàng-chê [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], siânn-tshī [Hokkien, Tai-lo], sviachi [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], siânn-tshǐ [Hokkien, Tai-lo], siâⁿ tshĭ [POJ, Teochew], ⁶zen-zy [Wu], zen^去 zy [Wu], ³zen-zr [Wu], /zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/ [Wu], dzyeng dzyiX [Middle-Chinese], /*[d]eŋ C.[d]əʔ/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*djeŋ djɯʔ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 城市
  1. city; town (Classifier: 個/个; 座) Related terms: 城鎮 (chéngzhèn), 城镇 (chéngzhèn), 集鎮 (jízhèn), 集镇 (jízhèn), (chéng), (cūn)
    Sense id: en-城市-zh-noun-NNcCdmfP Categories (other): Beginning Mandarin, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese nouns classified by 個/个, Chinese nouns classified by 座 Synonyms: 城市 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 城市 [Mandarin, Taiwan], 城市 [Mandarin], 城市 [Mandarin, Harbin], 城市 [Mandarin, Muping, Yantai], 城市 [Mandarin, Jinan], 城市 [Mandarin, Guiyang], 城市 [Mandarin, Guilin], 城市 [Mandarin, Liuzhou], 城市 [Mandarin, Singapore], 城市 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 城市 [Cantonese], 城市 [Hakka], 埠頭 [Hakka], 埠頭 [Hakka, Meixian], 城市 [Hakka, Meixian], 城市 [Huizhou, Jixi], 城市 [Jin, Datong], 城市 [Jin, Xinzhou], 城市 [Jin, Changzhi], 城市, 城市 [Haikou], , 城市 [Southern-Pinghua, Nanning, Tingzi], 城市 [Wu, Shanghai], 城市 [Wu, Danyang], 城市 [Wu, Jinhua], [Wu], 城市 [Wu] Derived forms: 中心城市 (zhōngxīn chéngshì), 友好城市 (yǒuhǎo chéngshì), 國家中心城市, 国家中心城市, 城市化 (chéngshìhuà), 城市改造 (chéngshì gǎizào), 城市更新 (chéngshì gēngxīn), 城市熱島效應, 城市热岛效应, 城市病 (chéngshìbìng), 城市網絡, 城市网络, 城市美容師, 城市美容师, 城市規劃 (chéngshì guīhuà), 城市规划 (chéngshì guīhuà), 城市規劃師 (chéngshì guīhuàshī), 城市规划师 (chéngshì guīhuàshī), 城市貧民, 城市贫民, 城市鐵路, 城市铁路, 城市雕塑, 城管 (chéngguǎn), 城鎮 (chéngzhèn), 城镇 (chéngzhèn), 姊妹城市 (zǐmèi chéngshì), 姐妹城市 (jiěmèi chéngshì), 智慧城市 (zhìhuì chéngshì), 生態城市 (shēngtài chéngshì), 生态城市 (shēngtài chéngshì), 花園城市 (huāyuán chéngshì), 花园城市 (huāyuán chéngshì)

Download JSON data for 城市 meaning in Chinese (10.1kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "城市",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Beginning Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese nouns classified by 個/个",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese nouns classified by 座",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "zhōngxīn chéngshì",
          "word": "中心城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yǒuhǎo chéngshì",
          "word": "友好城市"
        },
        {
          "word": "國家中心城市"
        },
        {
          "word": "国家中心城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshìhuà",
          "word": "城市化"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì gǎizào",
          "word": "城市改造"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì gēngxīn",
          "word": "城市更新"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市熱島效應"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市热岛效应"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshìbìng",
          "word": "城市病"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市網絡"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市网络"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市美容師"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市美容师"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì guīhuà",
          "word": "城市規劃"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì guīhuà",
          "word": "城市规划"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì guīhuàshī",
          "word": "城市規劃師"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngshì guīhuàshī",
          "word": "城市规划师"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市貧民"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市贫民"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市鐵路"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市铁路"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市雕塑"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngguǎn",
          "word": "城管"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngzhèn",
          "word": "城鎮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngzhèn",
          "word": "城镇"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zǐmèi chéngshì",
          "word": "姊妹城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiěmèi chéngshì",
          "word": "姐妹城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhìhuì chéngshì",
          "word": "智慧城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shēngtài chéngshì",
          "word": "生態城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shēngtài chéngshì",
          "word": "生态城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "huāyuán chéngshì",
          "word": "花園城市"
        },
        {
          "roman": "huāyuán chéngshì",
          "word": "花园城市"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "城市風光/城市风光 ― chéngshì fēngguāng ― cityscape",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "tourist city",
          "roman": "lǚyóu chéngshì",
          "text": "旅遊城市/旅游城市",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban population",
          "roman": "chéngshì rénkǒu",
          "text": "城市人口",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban life",
          "roman": "chéngshì shēnghuó",
          "text": "城市生活",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban road",
          "roman": "chéngshì dàolù",
          "text": "城市道路",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "border city",
          "roman": "yánbiān chéngshì",
          "text": "沿邊城市/沿边城市",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Chinese city tier system",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó chéngshì děngjízhì",
          "text": "中國城市等級制/中国城市等级制",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to promote the sustainable development of the city",
          "ref": "促進城市可持續發展 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "促进城市可持续发展 [MSC, simp.]\ncùjìn chéngshì kěchíxù fāzhǎn [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How long have you been living in this city?",
          "ref": "你在這個城市住了多久了? [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "你在这个城市住了多久了? [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ zài zhège chéngshì zhù le duōjiǔ le? [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I have hardly ever been out of this city.",
          "ref": "我幾乎未曾離開過這個城市。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒ jīhū wèicéng líkāi guò zhège chéngshì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The city changed hands several times during the war.",
          "ref": "在戰爭中,這個城市幾經易手。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "在战争中,这个城市几经易手。 [MSC, simp.]\nZài zhànzhēng zhōng, zhè ge chéngshì jǐjīng yìshǒu. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "city; town (Classifier: 個/个; 座)"
      ],
      "id": "en-城市-zh-noun-NNcCdmfP",
      "links": [
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "個",
          "個#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "个",
          "个#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "座",
          "座#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "chéngzhèn",
          "word": "城鎮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéngzhèn",
          "word": "城镇"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jízhèn",
          "word": "集鎮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jízhèn",
          "word": "集镇"
        },
        {
          "roman": "chéng",
          "word": "城"
        },
        {
          "roman": "cūn",
          "word": "村"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Taiwan"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Harbin"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Muping",
            "Yantai"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Jinan"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Guiyang"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Guilin"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Liuzhou"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hong-Kong"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka"
          ],
          "word": "埠頭"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Meixian"
          ],
          "word": "埠頭"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Meixian"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Huizhou",
            "Jixi"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jin",
            "Datong"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jin",
            "Xinzhou"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jin",
            "Changzhi"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Haikou"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "word": "城"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Southern-Pinghua",
            "Nanning",
            "Tingzi"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Shanghai"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Danyang"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Jinhua"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu"
          ],
          "word": "城"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu"
          ],
          "word": "城市"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чыншы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɨnšɨ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "I-III"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ si⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sàng-sṳ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sang² si⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siàng-chê"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ-chhī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ-chhǐ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sian⁵ ci⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶zen-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻêng²-shih⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéng-shr̀"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cherngshyh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чэнши"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɛnši"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhng síh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ si⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xing⁴ xi⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sàng-sṳ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sangˇ sii"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sang² si⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàng-chê"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siânn-tshī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sviachi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kinmen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siânn-tshǐ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ tshĭ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶zen-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zen^去 zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³zen-zr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyeng dzyiX"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[d]eŋ C.[d]əʔ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djeŋ djɯʔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[d]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[d]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djeŋ djɯʔ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "城市"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxīn chéngshì",
      "word": "中心城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǒuhǎo chéngshì",
      "word": "友好城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "國家中心城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "国家中心城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshìhuà",
      "word": "城市化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì gǎizào",
      "word": "城市改造"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì gēngxīn",
      "word": "城市更新"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市熱島效應"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市热岛效应"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshìbìng",
      "word": "城市病"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市網絡"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市网络"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市美容師"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市美容师"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì guīhuà",
      "word": "城市規劃"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì guīhuà",
      "word": "城市规划"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì guīhuàshī",
      "word": "城市規劃師"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngshì guīhuàshī",
      "word": "城市规划师"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市貧民"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市贫民"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市鐵路"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市铁路"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市雕塑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngguǎn",
      "word": "城管"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngzhèn",
      "word": "城鎮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngzhèn",
      "word": "城镇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zǐmèi chéngshì",
      "word": "姊妹城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiěmèi chéngshì",
      "word": "姐妹城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhìhuì chéngshì",
      "word": "智慧城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēngtài chéngshì",
      "word": "生態城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēngtài chéngshì",
      "word": "生态城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huāyuán chéngshì",
      "word": "花園城市"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huāyuán chéngshì",
      "word": "花园城市"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "城市",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "chéngzhèn",
      "word": "城鎮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéngzhèn",
      "word": "城镇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jízhèn",
      "word": "集鎮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jízhèn",
      "word": "集镇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chéng",
      "word": "城"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cūn",
      "word": "村"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Beginning Mandarin",
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Cantonese terms with audio links",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese nouns classified by 個/个",
        "Chinese nouns classified by 座",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Dungan lemmas",
        "Dungan nouns",
        "Eastern Min lemmas",
        "Eastern Min nouns",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with audio links",
        "Mandarin terms with homophones",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Old Chinese lemmas",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew nouns",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "城市風光/城市风光 ― chéngshì fēngguāng ― cityscape",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "tourist city",
          "roman": "lǚyóu chéngshì",
          "text": "旅遊城市/旅游城市",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban population",
          "roman": "chéngshì rénkǒu",
          "text": "城市人口",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban life",
          "roman": "chéngshì shēnghuó",
          "text": "城市生活",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "urban road",
          "roman": "chéngshì dàolù",
          "text": "城市道路",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "border city",
          "roman": "yánbiān chéngshì",
          "text": "沿邊城市/沿边城市",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Chinese city tier system",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó chéngshì děngjízhì",
          "text": "中國城市等級制/中国城市等级制",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to promote the sustainable development of the city",
          "ref": "促進城市可持續發展 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "促进城市可持续发展 [MSC, simp.]\ncùjìn chéngshì kěchíxù fāzhǎn [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How long have you been living in this city?",
          "ref": "你在這個城市住了多久了? [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "你在这个城市住了多久了? [MSC, simp.]\nNǐ zài zhège chéngshì zhù le duōjiǔ le? [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I have hardly ever been out of this city.",
          "ref": "我幾乎未曾離開過這個城市。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒ jīhū wèicéng líkāi guò zhège chéngshì. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The city changed hands several times during the war.",
          "ref": "在戰爭中,這個城市幾經易手。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "在战争中,这个城市几经易手。 [MSC, simp.]\nZài zhànzhēng zhōng, zhè ge chéngshì jǐjīng yìshǒu. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "city; town (Classifier: 個/个; 座)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "個",
          "個#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "个",
          "个#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "座",
          "座#Chinese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чыншы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɨnšɨ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "I-III"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ si⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sàng-sṳ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sang² si⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siàng-chê"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ-chhī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ-chhǐ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sian⁵ ci⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶zen-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngshìh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻêng²-shih⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéng-shr̀"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cherngshyh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чэнши"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɛnši"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhng síh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ si⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xing⁴ xi⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sàng-sṳ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sangˇ sii"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sang² si⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàng-chê"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siânn-tshī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sviachi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kinmen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siânn-tshǐ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siâⁿ tshĭ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶zen-zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zen^去 zy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³zen-zr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyeng dzyiX"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[d]eŋ C.[d]əʔ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djeŋ djɯʔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɛi²⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[d]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[d]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djeŋ djɯʔ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Harbin"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Muping",
        "Yantai"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Guiyang"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Guilin"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Liuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "埠頭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "埠頭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Huizhou",
        "Jixi"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Datong"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Datong"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Xinzhou"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Changzhi"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Haikou"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "城"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Pinghua",
        "Nanning",
        "Tingzi"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Danyang"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Jinhua"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "城"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "城市"
    }
  ],
  "word": "城市"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": "started on line 32, detected on line 32"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "城市"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "城市",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.